9 i 2 TEXAS 



Newall Sanders (b. 1850), Republican, a manufacturer of agricultural implements, 

 had been appointed ad interim by the governor, April 8, 1912. 



In the pre-convention campaign for the presidency Governor Hooper supported 

 Roosevelt, but after the convention he remained "regular." The state was carried 

 for Woodrow Wilson by 130,335 votes to 59,444 for Taft, and 53,725 for Roosevelt 

 and 3,492 for Debs (1,870 votes in 1908). The representatives in Congress are 8 Demo- 

 crats and 2 Republicans. 



There were several lynchings in the state in 1911-12, including: a negro for murder 

 at Gallatin, May 23; another on the same charge at Lafayette, June 8; one accused 

 of assault, taken from jail and hanged at Forest City, October 16, 1911; one at Memphis 

 for assault, February 15, 1912; three at Shelbyville, February 19, for murder; and one 

 in Robertson county, May 27, for assault. In January 1911 Judge Sanford of the 

 Federal District Court decided that the Inter-state Commerce Commission may compel 

 interstate carriers to furnish the same accommodation for the same price to negroes 

 as to whites. 



In April 1912 the state suffered from floods, and Memphis was inundated. 



On the Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway, in its third district, 

 between Oakdale and Chattanooga, there was a firemen's strike from March 9 

 to 25, 1911. The strike was arbitrated by Judge Martin A. Knapp of the Board 

 of Mediation; the strikers were taken back and the company agreed not to employ 

 negro firemen north of Oakdale if competent white men could be secured. The white 

 firemen had feared that they would be displaced by negroes. 



Bibliography. Public and Private Acts, IQII (2 vols., Nashville); departmental and 

 official reports; O. F. Temple, Notable Men of Tennessee from 1833 to 1875 (1912). 



TEXAS 1 



Population (1910) 3,896,542 (27.8% more than in 1900), ranking the state below 

 New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ohio only. Density 14.8 to the sq. m. The 

 proportion of negroes fell from 20.4% to 17.7% in 1900-10; and that of foreign-born 

 whites rose from 5.8% to 6.2%. The population in rural (unincorporated) districts 

 was 69.4% (in 1900, 77.7%). In incorporated places (56 in 1900 and 91 in 1910) of 

 2,500 or more there was 24.1% of the total in 1910 (17.1% in 1900). There were 20 

 places with more than 10,000 each, as follows: San Antonio, 96,614; Dallas, 92,104 (42,- 

 638 in 1900); Houston, 78,800; Fort Worth, 73,312 (26,688 in 1900); El Paso, 39,279; 

 Galveston, 36,981; Austin, 29,860; Waco, 26,425; Beaumont, 20,640; Laredo, 14,855; 

 Denison, 13,632; Sherman, 12,412; Marshall, 11,452; Paris, 11,269; Temple, 10,993; 

 Brownsville, 10,517; Palestine, 10,482; Tyler, 10,400; Cleburne, 10,364; San Angelo, 

 10,321 (incorporated 1903). 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 125,807,017 to 112,435,067 between 

 1900 and 1910, and the improved land in farms increased from 19,576,076 to 27,360,666; the 

 average farm acreage fell from 357.2,10 269.1, and the value of farm property increased from 

 $962,476,273 to 82,218,645,164 (81,633,207,135 land; 8210,001,260 buildings; $56,790,260 

 implements; 8318,646,509 domestic animals). Of the land area 67% was in farms in 1910. 

 The average value of farm land per acre was $14.53. Farms were operated largely by tenants 

 (195,863 by owners, 2,332 by managers and 219,575 by tenants). In 1909 1,088 rice farms 

 (286,847 acres) were irrigated. Exclusive of rice, 4,150 farms (164,283 acres: Cameron 

 county, 29,439; El Paso, 23,308) were irrigated by enterprises capable of irrigating 340,641 

 acres. The acreage included in projects was 753,699. The larger crops irrigated were: 

 alfalfa (13,778 acres), Indian corn, (9,068), cotton (7,474), and cultivated grasses (5,009). 

 In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops were: Indian corn, 153,300,000 bu. 

 (7.300,000 A.); wheat, 11,025,000 bu. (735,000 A.); oats, 31,140,000 bu. (865,000 A.); barley, 

 176,000 bu. (6,000 A.); rye, 33,000 bu. (2,000 A.); potatoes, 3,276,000 bu. (52,000 A.); hay, 

 542,000 tons, (387,000 A.); cotton, 4,850,000 bales, (206 Ibs. per A.); tobacco, 140,000 Ibs. 

 (200 A.) and rice, 9,429,000 bu. (265,600 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables 

 (excluding potatoes) was $8,099,306; of small fruits, $480,331; of orchard fruits, $1,060,998 

 (peaches and nectarines, $703,649); of grapes, $78,325; and of nuts $562,524. On January 

 I, 1912 there were on farms: 1,158,000 horses, 703,000 mules, 1,034,000 milch cows, 5,177,- 

 ooo other neat cattle, 2,032,000 sheep and 2,544,000 swine. 



1 See E. B. xxvi, 688 el seq. 



