UTAH 9IS 



ment $523,750 for 1911 and for 1912 (of which 50,000 each year was for Confederate pen- 

 sioners); and $92,208 in 1911 and $91,050 in 1912 for the Confederate home at Austin. 



History. Prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors has recently been the 

 central question in Texas politics, where there is virtually no partisan opposition to the 

 Democratic party. Oscar Branch Colquitt (b. 1861), railroad commissioner in 1903-11 

 and governor in 1911-12, was aleader of the anti-Prohibitionist faction, and the popular 

 vote (July 24, 1911) defeated the proposed amendment for state-wide prohibition by 

 6,000 votes (237,393 to 231,096). In the 1912 primary Colquitt was re-nominated with a 

 plurality of 20,000 votes over Judge W. F. Ramsey, but the precedent of giving each 

 governor two terms seems to have caused this, as other nominees were mostly Prohi- 

 bitionists. Probably there will not however be the necessary two-thirds of the next 

 legislature pledged to prohibition to secure the immediate resubmission of the consti- 

 tutional amendment to the people. In January 1911 the legislature had re-elected 

 to the U.S. Senate Charles A. Culberson (b. 1 85 5 ; governor 1 895-9 5 an d since 1899 senator) . 

 At the July primary, Jake Wolters, anti-Prohibidonist, was defeated by Morris Shep- 

 pard (b. 1875; representative in Congress since 1902, when he succeeded his father), 

 who favoured prohibition, to succeed in the U.S. Senate Joseph Weldon Bailey (b. 1863). 

 Bailey was an able lawyer and was prominent in debate, especially on questions of con- 

 stitutional law. He served in the Senate in 1901-13, and off eyed his resignation March 5, 

 1911, as a protest against the votes of Democratic senators for the Arizona constitution 

 which provided for the recall of judges, but immediately withdrew it; in November 1912 

 he again offered his resignation (to take effect in January 1913). Governor Colquitt 

 appointed for the remainder of the term Rienzi Melville Johnston (b. 1850), editor of the 

 Houston Post, and an anti-Prohibitionist; he was sworn in, January 7, 1913. 



The primary of May 4, 1912 was a victory for Woodrow Wilson. He carried the 

 state in the November elections with 221,435 votes 10.26,740 for Roosevelt, 1 128,913 

 for Taft and 25,472 for Debs (7,570 in 1908). All the representatives in the 63d Congress 

 (18, including 2 at large; 16 in the previous decade) from the state will be Democrats. 

 There were two Progressive candidates for Congress and E. C. Lasater was nominated 

 by the Progressives for governor. 



There were three lynchings in the state in 1911. A Mexican boy who stabbed a 

 man for cursing him was killed by a mob at Thorndale, June 19; a man was lynched 

 in Farmersville, August 17, for insulting a woman over a telephone; and a negro, accused 

 of rape, was lynched at Marshall, October 29. In 1912 there was a double lynching 

 at Marshall (February 13) of a negro and a negress for complicity in murder, and at 

 Tyler (May 25) a negro who confessed to having assaulted a white girl was burned 

 to death in the public square. 



A fire in the city of Houston on February 21, 1912 did damage to the extent of several 

 million dollars. The town of Washington, where the declaration of Texan independence 

 was signed in 1836 (see E.B. xxvi, 693), was almost destroyed by fire on November 

 28, 1912. A new city plan for Dallas prepared by George E. Kessler, landscape archi- 

 tect of St. Louis and Kansas City, was proposed in 1912. 



Bibliography. General and Special Laws, IQII (2 vols., Austin); official reports; J. H- 

 Smith, The Annexation of Texas (New York, 1911); C. W. Ramsdell, Reconstruction in Texas 

 (in Columbia University Studies, 1910). 



UTAH 2 



Population (1910), 373,351, an increase of 34.9% since 1900. The percentage of 

 foreign-born whites decreased from 19.1 to 17. Density 4.5 to the sq. m. In 

 1900, 40.3%, and in 1910, 32.1% of the total was in rural, unincorporated territory; 

 in larger incorporated places (12 in. 1900, 16 in 1910) having 2,500 or more inhabitants 

 there was 38.1% in 1900, 46.3% in 1910. These were: Salt Lake City, 92,777 

 1 Cecil Andrew Lyon (b. 1869) of Sherman, a member of the Republican National Commit- 

 tee in 1904-12, supported Roosevelt; and of the contested seats in the National Convention 

 the committee gave 4 to Roosevelt and 26 to Taft. 

 '. - See E. B. xxvii, 813 et seq. 



