9 i8 VERMONT 



of the State Industrial School, passed -new laws relating to detention homes for juveniles 

 (in second class cities as well as in first class), and to the juvenile court and its jurisdiction 

 (excluding crimes punishable by death or life imprisonment); created a relief fund for firemen, 

 and authorised the use of convict labour on state roads. 



History. William Spry (b. 1864), a Republican and a Mormon, was governor for 

 the term 1909-13 and was re-elected in November 1912 by 42,552 votes to 36,076 for 

 John F. Tolton, Democrat. The Democratic vote in the rural districts was strong; but 

 the Republican majority in Salt Lake county (including the city) was large. Spry had 

 favoured Roosevelt for the Republican nomination, and after the re-nomination of Taft 

 by the national convention it was for a time supposed that the powerful influence of 

 the Mormon Church, which has usually been exerted in behalf of the Republican party, 

 might oppose Taft because he had not intervened in Mexico, where prosperous Mormons 

 suffered from lawlessness. But Taft's policy was defended in an editorial signed by 

 Joseph Fielding Smith, president of the church, in the Improvement Era, the official of 

 the "quorum" of the church, and although the Progressives nominated candidates for 

 governor (Nephi L. Morris who received 23,591 votes) and two congressmen, the state 

 was carried by Taft, with 42,100 votes to 36,579 for Wilson 24,174 for Roosevelt and 

 9,023 for Debs (4,985 in 1908). The state for the first time will have two representatives 

 in Congress, both Republican (one re-elected). The state legislature will again be 

 Republican: senate, 16 Republicans and 2 Democrats; house, 31 Republicans and 14 

 Democrats. On January 18, 1911 George Sutherland (b. 1862; Republican, represent- 

 ative in Congress in 1901-03 and United States senator since 1905) was re-elected to 

 the U.S. Senate. The term of the other senator, Reed Smoot (b. 1862; Republican; 

 senator since 1903 ; apostle of the Latter-Day Saints) does not expire until 191 5. In 191 1 

 Socialist mayors were elected in Eureka (with a full ticket), Manti and Murray (a suburb 

 of Salt Lake City). The Socialist vote in November 1912 was surprisingly large. The 

 incorporated cities of the state, Murray, Logan, Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake City have 

 been operated under commission charters since January 1912 by a law of 1911. 



Attacks on the Mormon church in popular magazines, charging that polygamy 

 was still practised, were answered, April 6, 1911, by a statement of President J. F. 

 Smith at the annual conference that polygamy was forbidden by the rules of the church. 



Employees of the copper mines near Bingham went on strike in September 1912. 

 The strikers, mostly Greeks, seized the mines and routed deputies who attempted 

 to draw boiler fires (September 18 and 19). On October u the deputies killed several 

 men in an attack on the strikers. 



Bibliography. Laws, IQII (Salt Lake City); official reports; articles on copper mines and 

 irrigation in Technical World, December 1912. 



VERMONT * 



Population (1910) 355,956 (3.6% more than in 1900); 85.5% were native whites, 

 21.1% whites of foreign parentage, 14% foreign-born whites, and 0.5% negroes. The 

 average number to the sq. m. was 39 (37.7% in 1900). In 1910, 47.5% of the popu- 

 lation was in cities and towns of 2,500 inhabitants or over (40.5% in 1900). The 

 cities and villages with 5,000 inhabitants or over were: Burlington, 20,468 (in 1900, 

 18,640); Rutland, i3,546;Barre, 10,734; Montpelier, 7,856; St. Johnsbury, 6,693; Brattle- 

 boro, 6,517; St. Albans, 6,381, and Bennington, 6,211. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 4,724,440 to 4,663,577 between 1900 and 

 1910, and the improved land in farms from 2,126,624 to * -633,965; the average farm acreage 

 fell from 142.7 to I42.6and the value of farm property increased from 8108,451, 427 108145,399,- 

 728 (558,385,327 land; $54,202,948 buildings; $10,168,687 implements; $22,642,766 domestic 

 animals). Of the land area 79.9 % was in farms in 1910. The average value of farm land 

 per acre was $12.52. Farms were operated largely by owners (28,065 by owners, 636 by 

 managers, and 4,008 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops were: 

 Indian corn, 1,800,000 bu. (45,000 A.); wheat, 25,000 bu. (1,000 A.); oats, 3,311,000 bu. 

 (77,000 A.); barley. 455.000 bu. (13,000 A.): rye, 20,000 bu. (1,000 A.); buckwheat, 240,000 

 bu. (8,000 A.); potatoes, 3,640,000 bu. (26,006 A.), hay, 1,515,000 tons (1,010,000 A.); and 

 tobacco, 170,000 Ibs. (100 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the acreage of vegetables other than 



1 See E. B. xxvii, 1025 el seq. 



