VIRGINIA 921 



The state was carried for Taft in November. He received 23,332 votes to 22,132 for 

 Roosevelt, 15,354 for Woodrow Wilson, 1,095 f r Chafin, and 928 (largely from Barre) 

 for Debs, who had received no votes in 1908. 



The 1 2 5th anniversary of the founding of St. Johnsbury was celebrated, August 

 15-17, 1912, on the Old Pine golf course, by a historical pageant, planned by William 

 C. Langdon of New York City, with special music by Brookes C. Peters. 



Bibliography. Acts and Resolves (Rutland, 1911); official reports, especially of the 

 commissioner of agriculture (Bellows Falls, 1911), Tercentenary Celebration of the Discovery 

 of Lake Champlain and Vermont (Montpelier, 1910). 



VIRGINIA i 



Population (1910) 2,061,612 (11.2% more than in 1900); 66.1% being native whites, 

 1.8% whites of foreign parentage, 1.3% foreign-born whites and 32.6% negroes (35.7% 

 in 1900). The average number to the sq. m. was 51.2 (46.1 in 1900); the state ranked 

 i4th in density, and 76.9% of the population was "rural," living in towns of less than 

 2,500 inhabitants or in other rural territory (81.7% in 1900). The urban population 

 was contained in 19 cities and 13 incorporated towns. The places of 5,000 or more 

 were: Richmond, 127,628 (in 1900, 85,050); Norfolk, 67,452; Roanoke, 34,874; Ports- 

 mouth, 33,190; Lynchburg, 29,494; Petersburg, 24,127; Newport News 20,205; Danville, 

 19,020; Alexandria, 1 5, 3 29; Staunton, 10,604; Suffolk, 7,008 ; Charlottesville, 6, 765; Bristol, 

 6,247; Fredericksburg, 5,874; Winchester, 5,864; Clifton Forge, 5,748; Hampton, 5,505. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 19,907,883 to 19,495,636 between 

 1900 and 1910, and the improved land in farms from 10,094,805 to 9,870,058; the average farm 

 acreage fell from 118.6 to 105.9, an d the value of farm property increased from $323,515,977 

 to $625,065,383 ($394,658,912 land; $137,399,150 buildings; $18,115,883 implements; 

 $74,891,438 domestic animals). Of the land area 75.7 % was in farms in 1910. The average 

 value of farm land per acre was $20.24. Farms were operated largely by owners (133,664 

 by owners, 1,625 by managers and 48,729 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the 

 principal crops were: Indian corn, 47,520,000 bu. (1,980,000 A.); wheat, 8,596,000 bu. 

 (741, ooo A.); oats, 3, 885, ooo bu. (175,000 A.); barley, 250,000 bu. (10,000 A.); rye, 6oo,ooobu. 

 (48,000 A.); buckwheat, 516,000 bu. (24,000 A.); potatoes, 8,265,000 bu. (95,000 A.); hay, 

 889,000 tons (741,000 A.); cotton, 24,000 bales (266 Ibs. per A.) and tobacco, 112,200,000 Ibs. 

 (187,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables (excluding potatoes) was $8,- 

 989,467; of small fruits, $671,843 (principally strawberries); of orchard fruits, $3,582,359 

 (apples $3,129,832). On January I, 1912 there were on farms: 340,000 horses, 61,000 mules, 

 352,000 milch cows, 478,000 other neat cattle, 781,000 sheep and 880,000 swine. 



In 1912 the legislature authorised county supervisors to appropriate $1,000 in any county 

 to promote agriculture; passed a new act for the government of the united agricultural board 

 which controls experiment stations; made an appropriation for the examination and testing of 

 dairy cattle to control tuberculosis, supplementing the Federal department of agriculture, 

 which tests herds supplying the District of Columbia; appropriated $5,000 for investigating 

 chestnut blight, and passed a law regulating the sale of seed cotton and forbidding it at night. 

 In Arlington is the main experiment farm of the Federal department and at Charlottesville 

 an entomological laboratory. The state truck experiment station, at Norfolk, in 1912 pub- 

 lished investigations of strawberry, potato, and tomato culture. The Massanutten area (19,322 

 acres; Page and Rockingham counties), the Natural Bridge area (24,900 acres; Rockbriclgc, 

 Bedford, and Botetourt counties) and the White Top area (partly in Tennessee) were approved 

 in 1912 by the National Forest Reservation Commission for purchase for the Eastern or 

 Appalachian National Forests, established by Act of March I, 1911 (Weeks Act). 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $13,609,364. The output of coal was 6,864,667 

 tons, valued at $6,254,804 (a little more than in 1910). Another large product was pig iron, 

 308,789 tons, valued at $3,898.285 (not included in the above total), 30% less than in 1910. 

 The value of iron ore (610,871 tons) was $1,146,188, ranking the state 5th. The metals were 

 valued as follows: zinc, $25,992; lead, $36,000; and gold, $3,100. About one-half the pyritc 

 in the country comes from the state, and more manganese than from any other state. Virginia 

 ranked 1st in millstones, valued at $17,635. Mineral waters from 43 springs, including 12 

 resorts, were valued at $298,701. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 3,187 to 5,685 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 88,898 to 120,797 (wage-earners from 

 80,285 to 105,676); capital invested from $147,989,000 to $216,392,000; and the value of 

 products from $148,857,000 to $219,794,000. More than one-third of the total was from the 

 three largest industries: lumber and timber products, $35,855,000 (much more than twice as 



1 See E. B. xxviii, 1 17 et seq. 



