9 22 VIRGINIA 



much as in 1899); tobacco manufactures, $25,385,000; and flour and grist-mill products, 

 17,598,000, Other important products were: car construction and repairs by steam rail- 

 way companies, 89,956,000; tanned, curried and finished leather, 88,267,000; fertilisers, 

 88,035,000 (much more than twice the value in 1899) largely manufactured from fish, and 

 ranking the state 4th in this industry; graded roasted, cleaned and shelled peanuts, 87,933,- 

 ooo, being four-fifths of the country's product; cotton goods, 87,490,000 (nearly thrice as 

 much as in 1899); boots and shoes, 85,809,000; foundry' and machine-shop products, 85,727,- 

 ooo; iron and steel from blast furnaces, 85,389,000. 



Nearly four-ninths of the total product value came from the cities of 10,000 or over (ex- 

 cluding Newport News, which could not be reported separately, but which had in 1904 a 

 product value of 89,054,000). These cities were: Richmond, 847,358,000; Norfolk, 810,341,- 

 ooo; Lynchburg, 810,188,000 (much more than three times the product in 1899); Petersburg, 

 8,895,500; Roanoke, 87,261,000; Danville, 85,389,000; Alexandria, 84,419,500 (nearly thrice 

 the output in 1899); Portsmouth, 81,528,000; and Staunton, 81,223,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 4,389.12. The Federal government 

 in 1911 secured a depth of 18 ft. in the James river between Hampton Roads and Richmond 

 and completed the projected improvements (30 ft. main channel and 30 ft. anchorage at Lam- 

 bert 's Point) in Norfolk harbour. In 1912 the approaches to this harbour (n m. long, 35 ft. 

 deep and 400 ft. wide) were about two-thirds completed and the channel to Newport News 

 (3>i m. long, 35 ft. deep and 400 ft. wide) was practically finished. 



Legislation. The regular session of the legislature met from January 10 to March 

 15, 1912 and submitted to the people for their approval at the general election in 

 November these constitutional amendments: one (adopted 60,176 votes to 16,202) 

 permits the legislature to draw a special charter for any city over 50,000 upon the 

 request of the city and to draw special charters of a form not prescribed by the consti- 

 tution, but these charters do not go into effect unless adopted by a majority vote of 

 the electors of the city in question; others remove the prohibition against re-election 

 of the city commissioner of revenue (adopted, 58,496 to 20,900) and of the city treas- 

 urer (adopted, 57,884 to 20,733). Amendments to the charters of Richmond and 

 Norfolk reduced the numbers of Avards and thus the size of the councils. 



The state was redistricted into ten congressional districts, and the legislature passed 

 a primary election law which makes statutes in regard to regular elections hold in 

 regard to primary elections; candidates are required to pay a fee equal to 5% of one 

 year's salary in the office that they seek, to make a statement of expense within 20 

 days after primary election and to limit their expenses to I5c for every vote received 

 by the highest party at the polls at the preceding election. In no instance is the ex- 

 pense to be more than 40% of the salary of the office. The expenses of the primary 

 are to be paid like other election expenses. 



A statute permits no peremptory instruction from a judge to a jury in any case, and 

 another forbids the hearing of cases in the supreme court of appeals on imperfect records and 

 their decision on merely technical points, and requires the court to simplify procedure in 

 regard to bills of exceptions. 



Cities of 60.000 and cities within five miles thereof may purchase water works systems by 

 condemnation. Following the Maryland law for Baltimore the legislature provided for "segrega- 

 tion districts for white and colored persons" in cities and towns adopting the act. Members 

 of one race are not to move into a district designated for the other. 



The department of mines and the office of inspector of mines were created under the 

 bureau of labour and industrial statistics T the act contains provisions for safety. Factories 

 employing five or more persons and any workplace employing two or more children under 

 1 8 or two or more women must be inspected. No female and no boy under 14 may work in 

 a coal mine. The law of 1890 limiting the working hours of females and children under 14 

 to 10 a day was extended to workshops and mercantile establishments, but does not apply 

 to the latter on Saturday, or to packing fruit and vegetables between July and November, 

 or in country districts or in towns of 2,000 inhabitants or less. The law of 1902 making rail- 

 ways liable for injury to employees was amended and made more severe. 



In 1912 laws were passed for the government of the board of medical examiners; for 

 speedier reports of vital statistics; and for the licence, inspection and supervision of maternity 

 hospitals and baby farms. A standard of purity for ice cream and for condensed milk was 

 set, and laws were passed regulating the sale of cider and putting a new tax on the manufacture 

 of liquors. Manufacturers and sellers of intoxicating liquors are forbidden to use the name 

 or likeness of any Confederate officer as the name, brand or trade-mark of intoxicating liquor. 

 A measure to refer state-wide prohibition to the people was defeated in the senate by 3 to 2. 



The legislature voted to have the body of Henry ("Light Horse Harry") Lee (see E. B. 

 xvi, 36ib) brought to Virginia from Cumberland Island, Ga., if the family consented. 



