of West Virginia replied (May 1911) that the attorney-general having been elected 

 before the case came up could not represent the actual wishes of the people of the state. 

 As only the legislature can deal with the matter in West Virginia, there has been some 

 question about the authority of the debt commission to act for Virginia. 



On March 14, 1912 Judge Thornton L. Massie, W. M. Foster, the Carroll county 

 attorney, and the sheriff of the same county were shot to death in the Hillsville court- 

 house by members of the so-called Allen clan of " Mountaineers " at the moment the 

 judge was sentencing one of their members, whom they rescued. Several of the outlaws 

 were captured and two sentenced to death on September n; two, for second degree 

 murder, were sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment (August 17 and November 22). 



A negro was lynched by a mob at Richmond (August 8,1912) for assault on a woman. 



In 1912 the home of John Marshall in Richmond was acquired by the Association 

 for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. 



Bibliography. Acts of Assembly 1912 (Richmond); reports of state departments and 

 officers; F. A. Magruder, Recent Administration in Virginia (Baltimore, 1912); C. R.-Lingley, 

 The Transition in Virginia from Colony to Commonwealth (1910); T. B. R. Wright, ed., West- 

 moreland County, Va., 1653-1912, Pts. I and II (Richmond, Va., 1912); H. R. Mcllwaine, 

 Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1727-34, 1736-40 (ibid., 1910); and Journals 

 of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 1712-14, 1715, 1718, 1720-22, 1723-26 (ibid., 1912). 



WASHINGTON l 



Population (1910) 1,141,990, an increase of 120.4% since 1900 (a higher rate than 

 in any other state); 76% were native whites, 24.7% whites of foreign parentage, 21.1% 

 foreign-born whites and 0.5% negroes. The average number to the sq. m. was 17.1 

 (7.8 in 1900); 53% of the total lived in places of 2,500 or more (40.8% in 1900). The 

 cities with 5,000 or more were: Seattle, 237,194 (80,671 in 1900); Spokane, 104,402 

 (36,848 in 1900); Tacoma, 83,743 (37>7 J 4 m 1900); Everett, 24,814 (7,838 in 1900); 

 Bellingham, 24,298 (11,062 in 1900); Walla Walla, 19,364 (10,049* i n I 9)> North 

 Yakima, 14,082 (3,154 in 1900); Aberdeen, 13,660 (3,747 in 1900); Vancouver, 9,300 

 (3,126 in 1900); Hoquiam, 8,171 (2,608 in 1900); Centralia, 7,311 (i, 600 in 1900); 

 Olympia, 6,996 (3,863 in 1900). 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms increased from 8,499,297 to 11,712,235 between 1900 

 and 1910, and in the same period the improved land increased from 3,465,960 106,373,311; 

 the average farm acreage fell from 256.0 to 208.4 and the value of farm property increased 

 from $144,040,547 to $637,543,411 ($517,421,998 land; $54,546,459 buildings; $16,709,844 

 implements; $48,865,110 domestic animals). The average value of farm land per acre was 

 $44.18. Of the land area 27.4% was in farms in 1910. Farms were operated largely by 

 owners (47,505 by owners, 961 by managers and 7,726 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary 

 estimates) the principal crops were: Indian corn, 846,000 bu. (3i : ooo A.); wheat, 53,728,000 

 bu. (2,285,000 A.); oats, 13,689,000 bu. (284,000 A.); barley, 7,869,000 bu. (183,000 A.); 

 rye, 180,000 bu. (9,000 A.); potatoes, 11,356,000 bu. (68,000 A.); and hay, 1,707,000 tons 

 (776,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the total value of vegetables except potatoes was 

 $2,988,510 (in 1899, $1,040,668); of flowers ind plants and nursery products, $1,044,907; that 

 of orchard fruits, $4,274,124 (apples, $2,925,761; plums and prunes, $600,503; cherries, 

 $278,547); and of small fruits, $941,415 (strawberries, $529,535). On January I, 1912 there 

 were on farms: 293,000 horses, 14,000 mules, 205,000 milch cows, 186,000 other neat cattle, 

 486,000 sheep and 246,000 swine. 



The total acreage irrigated in 1909 was 334,378 (146.8% more than in 1899); 310,426 

 were supplied from streams. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to July I, 1910 was 

 $16,219,1.19, and the estimated final cost of improvements begun $22,322, 856. Of the 

 projects (see E. B. xxviii, 354d) of the Federal Reclamation Service, the Okanogan 

 (Okanogan county), completed October 1910, irrigated in 1911 6,349 acres (orchard fruits, 

 hay, etc.); and the Yakima (Yakima, Benton and Kittitas counties) in November 1912 

 was 19.3% completed in its storage unit, 93% in its Sunnyside unit and wholly completed 

 in the Ticton unit, and in 1911 irrigated 79,974 acres (forage, hops, fruits and vegetables). 



The growing of flower bulbs is an increasing industry. In 1911 narcissus and tulip bulbs 

 propagated near Bellingham, flowered (in Washington, D.C.) ten days earlier than bulbs of 

 the same varieties imported from Holland. The Federal department of agriculture is making 

 studies of Puget Sound kelp as a source of iodine and of potash for commercial fertiliser. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $15,853,556. The two largest items were coal, 



1 See E. B. xxviii, 353 et seq. 



