WASHINGTON 025 



3,572,815 tons ($8,174,170; about one-sixth less than in 1910), and clay products ($2,840,- 

 372). Stone was valued at $1,679,872 (granite, $1,345,551, ranking the state sixth); Port- 

 land cement at $1,496,807; lime, at $228,933; and sand and gravel, at $338,400. The metal 

 output was valued at $1,056,017 (one-eleventh more than in 1910), including gold, $840,000 

 (the largest output in eight years) mostly from the Republic district in Ferry county; silver, 

 230,300 oz. (nearly one-fifth more than in 1910), from siliceous smelting ores in Ferry county 

 and copper and lead ores in Stevens county; copper, 195,503 Ibs. (more than thrice the 1910 

 output), mostly from the Danville district in Ferry county; lead, 424 tons (mine report, from 

 Stevens and Pend Oreille counties; smelter report 601 tons) ; and zinc, 12 tons, from the Meta- 

 line district, Pend Oreille county. Nearly five-sixths of the metals came from Ferry county, 

 and all the tungsten marketed. Mineral waters, bottled at 5 springs, were worth $14,654. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 2,751 to 3,674 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 51,459 to 80,118 (wage-earners from 45,- 

 199 to 69,120); capital invested from $96,953,000 to $222,261,000 (129.2%); and value of 

 products from $128,822,000 to $220,746,000 (71.4%). Among the most important manu- 

 factures were lumber and timber, $89,155,000 (nearly thrice the product value in 1899), in 

 which Washington ranked first, being first in the cut of Douglas fir (five-eighths of the 

 country's total) and of cedar (more than one-half the country's cut) and in the manufacture 

 of shingles (three-fifths of the output of the United States); flour and grist-mill products, 

 $17,853,000; slaughtering and meat-packing, $15,654,000; canning and preserving $9,595,000, 

 including fish, especially salmon, and vegetables and fruits; and butter, cheese and condensed 

 milk, $7,271,000, of which $2,979,000 was the value of condensed milk, in the manufacture 

 of which Washington ranked 3rd. The product value was nearly equally divided between the 8 

 cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more and the rest of the state. These cities were: Seattle 

 $50,569,200 (more than thrice as much as in 1899); Tacoma, $22,450,000 (about 120% more 

 than in 1899), Spokane, $18,880,000 (five times as much as in 1899); Everett, $7,423,000; 

 Bellingham, $4,600,000; Aberdeen, $3,590,000; Walla Walla, $2,317,000, flour being the main 

 product; and North Yakima, $2,175,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 4,891.72. Statutes provide for the 

 building of county roads and for a permanent highway fund, out of the proceeds of which 

 permanent highways are to be built on the resolution of the county commissioners, after plans 

 have been approved by the highway commissioner. The Federal government in 1912 was 

 dredging the Columbia river and had practically completed the south jetty and begun the 

 north jetty at the mouth of the river. In the S.W. part of the state, work at Willapa harbour 

 was about one-third done, and that at Gray's outer harbour practically finished. At 

 Olympia, with local co-operation, the deepening of the channel was nearly completed. 



Legislation. The i2th session of the legislature was held from January 9 to March 

 9, 1911. It ratified, January 26, the proposed i6th amendment to the Federal Consti- 

 tution providing for a Federal income tax. Three important constitutional amendments 

 were adopted at the regular state election in 1912: one (110,110 to 43,095) providing 

 for the initiative by a 10% petition and for referendum by a 6% petition on any stat- 

 utory legislation; one (112,321 to 46,372) for the recall of all elective public officers 

 except judge of a court of record; and one (79,940 to 47,978) striking out the provision 

 that laws shall not go into effect until 90 days after the adjournment of a session. 



The legislature objected to Federal interference with fisheries in the state under the 

 treaty of 1908 with Great Britain; and it urged Congress to stop undesirable immigration. 



A law of 1911 provides that only the names of the two candidates who receive the highest 

 votes on the separate non-partisan primary ballot (provided for by a law of 1909) for candi- 

 dates for the supreme court and the superior court shall appear on the general election ballot, 

 and that, if one candidate gets an absolute majority of all votes cast, his shall be the only 

 name to appear on the general election ballot. 



The capitol commission was reorganised and provision was made for the completion by 

 December I, 1912 of a Temple of Justice, which is to be part of a group of six or more state 

 buildings in Olympia. Columbus Day was made a legal holiday. 



In a code of 75 pages the state railroad commission was changed to a public service com- 

 mission to supervise common carriers, gas, electric, water, telephone and telegraph companies 

 and wharfingers and warehouse men, to fix rates and service requirements for these public 

 utilities, and to enforce the law which forbids discrimination; the code requires that the rate 

 shall not be more for a short than for a long haul, makes it necessary to report accidents, and 

 sets with a good deal of detail standards of safety. A minimum train-crew law was passed. 

 A law, declared constitutional by the state supreme court on September 27, 1911 (in Washing- 

 ton vs. Clausen), made insurance for injured workmen compulsory in the extra hazardous 

 employments listed in the act, which is based on the police powers of the state. Other 

 employers may elect the system of state insurance. Suits for damages are permitted if the 

 injury result from the deliberate intention of the employer. Special contracts are forbidden. 

 To be compensated the loss of earning power must exceed 5 %. The maximum compensa- 



