02 3 WEST VIRGINIA 



it a misdemeanour for a bartender to sell to one person liquor to be drunk on the prem- 

 ises by another. This was sustained March 21, 1911 at a referendum election (and by 

 the state supreme court), but meanwhile the city administration, attacked for permit- 

 ting a vice district, contrary to state law, had made itself unpopular by enforcing a 

 law against prize-fights. The reform element and the sporting element both favoured 

 the recall. On April 4, a recall election was held, but A. H. Barth, Socialist, received 

 so many votes that no candidate had a majority. At a second election, April 18, 

 William V. Seymour was elected by 11,222 votes to 10,489 for Fawcett. On May 2, 

 an election was held for the recall of four commissioners; another election on May 

 1 6 was necessary for a choice, and then two councilmen were recalled and two retained 

 in office. One of those recalled was re-elected at the next general election. In Jan- 

 uary 1912 Fawcett's friends attempted to recall Seymour, unsuccessfully. 



Bibliography. Session Laws, 1911 (Olympia); official reports; C. A. Snowden, History of 

 Washington; the Rise and Progress of an American State, 4 vols. (New York, 1909); P. H. W. 

 Ross, Western Gate (ibid., 1911); and, on workmen's compensation, articles in the New York 

 Independent, October 3, 1912, and McClure's, December 1912. 



WEST VIRGINIA 1 



Population (1910) 1,221,119; an increase of 27.4% since 1900. Foreign-born whites 

 constituted 2.3% of the total in 1900 and 4.7% in 1910; negroes 4.5% in 1900, and 

 5.3% in 1910; and whites of native parentage 88% in 1900 and 85.3 in 1910. In 

 density the state ranked isth (50.8 per sq. m.). The rural population decreased from 

 78.5% in 1900 to 70.5% in 1910. The urban increased from 13.1% to 18.7%; there 

 were 228,242 inhabitants in 25 municipalities, each having more than 2,500 inhabitants 

 (125,465 in 16 such places in 1900). There were 12 places of 5,000 or more, as follows: 

 Wheeling, 41,641; Huntington, 31,161 (11,923 in 1900); Charleston, 22,996; Parkers- 

 burg, 17,842; Bluefield, 11,188 (4,644 in 1900); Martinsburg, 10,698; Fairmont, 9,711; 

 Clarksburg, 9,201; Morgantown, 9,150 (1895 in 1900); Moundsville, 8,918; Grafton, 

 7,563; and Elkins, 5,260 (2,016 in 1900). 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 10,654,513 to 10,026,442 between 1900 

 and 1910, and the improved land in farms increased from 5,498,981 to 5,521,757; the average 

 farm acreage fell from 1 14.7 to 103.7, a d the value of farm property increased from $203,907,- 

 349 to 314,738,540 ($207,075,759 land; $57,315,195 buildings; $7,011,513 implements; 

 843,336,073 domestic animals). Of the land area 65.2 % was in farms in 1910. The average 

 value of farm land per acre was $20.65. Farms were operated largely by owners (75,978 

 by owners, 872 by managers and 19,835 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the 

 principal crops were: Indian corn, 24,505,000 bu. (725,000 A.); wheat, 3,378,000 bu. (233,000 

 A.); oats, 3,108,000 bu. (111,000 A.); rye, 221,000 bu. (17,000 A.); buckwheat, 888,000 bu. 

 (37,000 A.); potatoes, 5,264,000 bu. (47,000 A.); hay, 1,028,000 tons (745,000 A.), and tobac- 

 co, 12,008,000 Ibs. (15,800 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables (excluding 

 potatoes) was $4,519,894; of small fruits, $191,002; of orchard fruits, $3,040,192 (apples, 

 $2,461,074; cherries, $111,043). On January i, 1912 there were on farms: 182,000 horses, 

 12,000 mules, 230,000 milch cows, 331,000 other neat cattle, 838,000 sheep, and 363,000 

 swine. 



In 1911 the legislature created the office of state commissioner of agriculture and a state 

 department of agriculture; the commissioner was first elected in 1912 for a four year term. 

 The general appropriation act of 1911 carried an appropriation of $5,000 a year for the inspec- 

 tion of dairies; $7,500 a year for the prevention of San Jose scale, and $4,000 a year for the 

 promotion of horticulture and truck-gardening. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $101,948,248. The state ranked 2nd in quantity 

 of coal, 59,831,580 tons, and 3rd in value, $53,670,515 these totals being less than in 1910. 

 In natural gas it ranked 1st, $28,451,907 (one-fifth more than in 1910; more than seven times 

 as much as in 1901), about one-third the total for the United States. In petroleum the state 

 ranked 4th, with 9,795,464 bbls. ($12,767,293; less than in 1910). The value of clay products 

 was $4,333,420, of which $2,880,202 was the value of pottery products, ranking the state 

 3rd. Stone was valued at $1,106,012; lime at $536,660; sand and gravel at $532,388, of 

 which 8313,758 was the value of glass sand. The value of pig iron was not reported separately 

 and is not included in the total given above, which however includes the value of iron ore. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 2,109 to 2,556 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 48,880 (43,758 wage-earners) to 71,463 

 (63.893 wage-earners); capital invested from $86,821,000 to $150,923,000 (73.8%); and the 



1 See E. B. xxviii, 560 et seq. 



