WISCONSIN 93 i 



WISCONSIN ! 



Population (1910) 2,333,860 (12.8% more than in 1900); 77.5% were native whites 

 22% foreign-born whites, and 0.1% negroes. Density 42.2 (37.4 in 1900) to the sq. m. 

 In 1910, 57% lived in cities or towns of less than 2,500 inhabitants or in other rural 

 territory (6 1. 8% in 1900). The cities of 5,000 or over were: Milwaukee, 373,857 (285,315 

 in 1900); Superior, 40,384; Racine, 38,002; Oshkosh, 33,062; La Crosse, 30,417; Sheboy- 

 gan, 26,398; Madison, 25,531; Green Bay, 25,236; Kenosha, 21,371; Fond du Lac, 18,797; 

 Eau Claire, 18,310; Appleton, 16,773; Wausau, 16,560; Beloit, 15,125; Marinette, 

 14,610; Janesville, 13,894; Manitowoc, 13,027; Ashland, 11,594; Chippewa Falls, 8,893; 

 Watertown, 8,829; Waukesha, 8,740; Stevens Point, 8,692; Merrill, 8,689; Antigo, 

 7,196; Beaver Dam, 6,758; Grand Rapids, 6,521; West Allis, 6,645; Baraboo, 

 6,324; South Milwaukee, 6,092; Menasha, 6,081; Marshfield, 5,783; Neenah, 5,734; 

 Rhinelander, 5,637; Oconto, 5,629; Portage, 5,440; and Menomonie, 5,036. 



Agriculture. In 1910, 59.6%of the state's area was in farms; 11,907,606 out of 21,060,066 

 acres were improved (5.9% more than in 1900). The average number of acres in each farm 

 was 119; the average value per farm, $7,978. The total value of farm property increased in 

 1900-10 from 811,712,000 to $1,413,119,000 (land, $911,938,000; buildings, $289,694,000; 

 implements and machinery, $52,957,000; and domestic animals, $158,529,000). Of the 

 farms 152,473 were operated by owners and managers and 24,654 by tenants. In 1912 

 (preliminary estimates) the crops were: hay, 3,600,000 tons (2,250 ooo A.); oats, 84,746,000 

 bu. (2,272,000 A.); Indian corn, 58,262,000 bu. (1,632,000 A.); barley, 24,843,000 bu. (845,000 

 A.); potatoes, 34,920,000 bu. (291,000 A.); rye, 6,240,000 bu. (341,000 A.); wheat, 3,564,000 

 bu. (188,000 A.); tobacco, 54,438,000 Ibs. (42,200 A.); buckwheat, 289,000 bu. (17,000 A.); 

 sugar beets, 256,124 tons (23,241 A.); and flaxseed, 125,000 bu. (10,000 A.). In 1909 

 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables other than potatoes was $4,593,865; flowers etc., 

 $592,839; nursery products, $301,027; small fruits, $765,437 (strawberries, $434,971; 

 cranberries, $127,212; raspberries, $114,578); orchard fruits, $2,087,202 (apples, $1,896,- 

 681); grapes, $25,537, and nuts $18,196. On January I, 1912 there were on farms: 652,000 

 horses, 1,504,000 milch cows, 1,146,000 other neat cattle, 847,000 sheep, 2,051,000 

 swine. In 1911 a state conservation commission was created; and the agricultural college 

 was authorised to establish three demonstration stations. 



Mineral Products. Total yalue, 1911, $12,451,436 including 559,763 tons of iron ore, 

 valued at $1,386,616, but not including 245,152 tons of pig iron ($3,803,049). The output 

 of zinc was one-seventh larger than in 1910, being 31,809 tons, valued at $3,626,226; and that 

 of lead at $357,030. Stone was valued at $2,375,102 (granite $1,382,309; limestone, $848,- 

 363); sand and gravel at $731,692; lime at $961,558, and clay products at $1,158,139, almost 

 entirely brick and tile. Mineral waters, mostly table water, bottled at 31 springs, including 

 4 resorts, were valued at $955,988. Minor items were metallic paint, asbestos, graphite, etc. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 8,558 to 9,721, 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 173,572 to 213,426 (wage-earners from 

 I 5 I > 39 1 to l8 2,583); capital invested from $412,647,000 to $605,657,000 (46.8%); and the 

 value of products from $411,140,000 to $590,306,000 (43.6%). The state ranked 8th in 

 value of manufactures. In 1909 the principal manufactures were: lumber and timber, 

 $57,969,000; 'foundry and machine-shop products, $54,124,000; butter, cheese and con- 

 densed milk, $53,843,000; leather, $44,668,000; malt liquors, $32,126,000, ranking the state 

 4th in this industry; flour and grist-mill products, $31,667,000; slaughtering and meat-packing, 

 $27,217,000; paper and wood pulp, $25,962,000; furniture, $18,656,000; cars, construction 

 and repairs by steam railways, $14,332,000; boots and shoes, $13,602,000; automobiles, $il,- 

 440,000 (more than six times as much as in 1904); agricultural implements, $11,411,000; and 

 iron and steel from steel works and rolling mills, $10,733,000. 



The larger manufacturing cities were: Milwaukee, ,$208,324,000, loth manufacturing 

 city in the United States, 3rd in malt liquors ($19,643,000) and 1st in leather ($27,484,000); 

 Racine, $24,673,000, principally agricultural implements, automobiles, and carriages and 

 wagons; Kenosha, $23,182,000, mainly leather, furniture and automobiles; Oshkosh, $14,- 

 739,250, chiefly lumber and timber and matches; La Crosse, $14,103,000,' largely from flour 

 mills and breweries; and Sheboygan, $11,299,000, mainly furniture and leather. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 7,859.15 (201.57 m. more than a 

 year before, the largest increase in any state, due to the building of 130 m. of "cut-off" by 

 the Chicago & Northwestern). The Federal government in July 191 1 with the local authori- 

 ties, began the improvement of Oconto harbour. 



Legislation. The legislature met in regular session from February 17 to July 1911 

 and in special session on April 30, 1912. It ratified (May 26, 1911) the proposed i6(h 

 1 See E. B. xxviii, 740 et seq. 



