93 6 WYOMING 



animals). Of the land area 1.3.7 % was m farms in 1910. The average value of farm land per 

 acre was^$!O.4i. Farms werf> operated largely by owners (9,779 by owners; 311 by managers; 

 and 897" by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops were: Indian 

 corn, 368,000 bu. (16,000 A.); wheat, 2,181,000 bu. (76,000 A.); oats, 8,569,000 bu. (205,000 

 A.); barley, 374,000 bu. (11,000 A.); rye, 57,000 bu. (3,000 A.); potatoes, 1,540,000 bu. 

 (i 1,000 A.); and hay, 859,000 tons (452,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegeta- 

 bles other than potatoes was $332,120; of flowers and plants, 12,280; of nursery products, 

 Si, 680; of small fruits, $13,984; of orchard fruits, $39,774 (apples, $37,580). On January 

 I, 1912, there were on farms: 159,000 horses, 2,000 mules, 35,000 milch cows, 568,000 other 

 neat cattle, 4,969,000 sheep and 43,000 swine. 



The total acreage irrigated in 1909 was 1,133,302 (87.1 % more than in 1899); of this total 

 l,l 13,774 were supplied from streams. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to July I, 1910 

 was $17,700,980, and the estimated final cost of improvements begun was $20,425,890. Of 

 cereals 59% by acreage was grown on irrigated land in 1909, and of oats, 61.5%; of wheat, 

 62.7 %; of barley, 58.2 %; of alfalfa, 95.3 %; of wild, salt, or prairie grasses, 78 %, and of sugar 

 beets, 93.1 %. The Shoshone irrigation project (Park county; see E. B. xxviii, 875a) of the 

 Federal Reclamation Service was 50.7% completed in November 1912 and in 1911 irrigated 

 14,580 acres, mostly in alfalfa and cereals. 



In 1911 the legislature created a board of farm commissioners, which is to appoint a 

 director of experiments in dry farming. The legislature appropriated $15,000 for the Wyo- 

 ming State Fair; $2,000 for horticultural experiments at the farm near Lander, and $8,000 for 

 agricultural experiments on the farm at Cheyenne. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $11,486,982. The great item was coal, 6,744,864 

 tons ($10,508,863; one-tenth less than in 1910). The production of natural gas, from Bighorn 

 county mostly, and of petroleum (Uinta, Bighorn, Fremont, Natrona and Johnson counties) 

 was greater than in 1910, but was not reported definitely. The marketing of soft asphalt 

 from Lander began in 1912. The metal output was unimportant: gold, $21,300 (six times 

 as much as in 1910), principally from Fremont county; silver, 70002. Copper concentrates 

 containing platinum and palladium were shipped in 1911 from the New Rambler mine, 32 

 m. W. of Laramie. Phosphate rock has been found in the S.W. part of the state; and the 

 potash bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, estimated to contain 197,000,000 tons of potash, 

 are a possible source of potash salts for fertiliser. 



Manufactures. The factory products for 1909 were valued at $6,249,000, 77.4% more 

 than in 1904. The capital invested was $6,195,000 (129.8% more than in 1904) and the 

 number of persons engaged in manufacturing, 3,393 (56.9 % more than in 1904). The princi- 

 pal manufactures were: cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railway 

 companies, $2,337,000; lumber and timber products, $751,249; and flour and grist-mill 

 products, $746,000. Cheyenne had factory products valued at $1,577,023. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January i, 1912, 1,704.09. The most important re- 

 cent construction is that of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy from Billings, Montana, to 

 the S.E. to join the Colorado Southern at Orin Junction; this is now completed for about 

 200 m., to Thermopolis. 



Legislation. The legislature met from January 10 to February 1 8, 1911. It sub- 

 mitted to the voters for their approval at the general election in 1912 a constitutional 

 amendment providing for the initiative and referendum both in regard to statutory 

 provisions and constitutional amendments. This received 20,579 votes to 3,446 against, 

 but 21,149 were necessary to adopt. The legislature asked Congress for 2,000,000 

 acres of public lands to be used for the creation of a state public road fund; for pen- 

 sions for soldiers in the Indian wars of 1865 and 1883; for the withdrawal of " mono- 

 polistic " concessions in Yellowstone Park; for [assistance in the maintenance of big 

 game in the state (for which $5,000 was appropriated by the legislature); and for the 

 removal from national forests and other reservations of land which would be considered 

 of benefit to settlers. 



A direct primary law was passed, which included in its provisions nominations for 

 United States senators. Party ballots are to be on different coloured paper, Republican on 

 white, Democratic on blue and third party on green. An elaborate corrupt practices act 

 limited nominations and election expenses each to 20% of one year's salary in the office 

 sought. This limit does not include travelling expenses and no matter what the salary in 

 the office sought the expense is not to be limited to an amount less than $100 for every 

 campaign. Services for hire and contributions by corporations are forbidden.' Candidates 

 must make statements of expenses twenty days after election, primary or general, and a 

 committee chairman after the general election. The secretary of state is required to prepare 

 a primary pamphlet and a candidate may have space therein by paying a specified sum. 

 Besides this the secretary of state is required to put out a pamphlet for general election in 

 which political parties may buy space at the rate of $50 a page. A new ballot law was passed 



