HAWAII 94I 



HAWAII l 



Population (1910) 191,909; 24.6% more than in 1900. In 1890-1900 the increase 

 had been 71.1%. The population of the several islands in 1910 was: Oahu, 81,993; 

 Hawaii (island and county) 55,382; Kauai, 23,744, and Niihau, 208 (comprising Kauai 

 county); Kahoolawe, 2; Lanai, 131, Maui, 28,623, and Molokai, 1,791 (constituting the 

 county of Maui except that part of the island of Molokai is the leper settlement, Kalau- 

 papa district, Kalawao county, with a population of 785); and Midway, 35 (comprised 

 in Honolulu county) . The population of Honolulu district (or city) was 52,183. By races 

 the population was as follows: Hawaiians 26,041, a decrease of 3,746 in the decade; part 

 Hawaiians 12,506, an increase of 6,628; Spanish 1,990 and Porto Ricans 4,890 (these two 

 are newcomers) ; other Caucasians 14,867, an increase of 4,290; Chinese 21,674, a decrease 

 of 4,088; Japanese 79,674, an increase of 18,559; Korean, 4,533. The total non-Oriental 

 population has increased both absolutely and relatively. The percentage of native-born 

 increased from 41.1 to 51.1. Special efforts are being made to stimulate the immigration 

 of families of farmers from Spain, Portugal, Russia ( Manchuria and Siberia ) and the 

 Philippines, and between 1906 and 1912 12,306 of the first three races were brought to 

 Hawaii at an expense of $893,119. In 1910-12, 7,973 Filipinos were introduced by the 

 Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. 



Agriculture. The 1912 sugar crop was 595,258 tons. The pineapple industry is increas- 

 ing rapidly, and it now ranks second to sugar. About 800,000 cases a year are packed. The 

 juice of the pineapple is bottled, and the pack amounts to about 80,000 cases a year. The 

 coffee crop of 1912 was smaller than that of 1911, only 2, 127,610 Ibs. being exported (3,712,886 

 in 1911), but a light crop regularly succeeds a heavy one. The average price in 1912 was 

 16.15 cents; in 1911, 12.85. The question of cotton culture is receiving careful consideration; 

 a good quality of cotton can be produced in paying quantities in some localities under certain 

 conditions. In 1911-12 the boll-weevil threatened the cotton. In 1912, a forest of native 

 trees, belonging to the Euphorbiaceae, and believed not to exist elsewhere, was discovered in 

 the island of Hawaii by the Territorial botanist, and investigations are being made to deter- 

 mine whether this tree can be added to those now cultivated for rubber. In the fiscal year 

 1912, 1,384,848 Ibs. of hides were exported to the United States. The growing of Bermuda 

 onions is a new industry and in 1912 tobacco was successfully cultivated (and a cigar factory 

 established) in the Kona district. The experiment station has worked on Caravonica and 

 Sea Island cottons, Japanese rice and pineapples; it has demonstration farms in Hawaii and 

 Kaui and a sub-station in Maui, at Nahiku, in the rubber-district. 



The most recent complete statistics are for 1910. The number of farms was then 4,320 

 (90% more than in 1900), but the total farm area was only 2,590,600 acres (a little less than 

 in 1900), and the improved acreage, 305,053 (only 3.6% more than in 1900). The average 

 farm acreage was 599.7 (47.8 % less than in 1900) and the average improved acreage, 70.6 

 (45.5% less). Farm property increased in value during the decade from $74,084,988 to 

 $96,363,229; land, $78,132,945 (38.3% more than in 1900); buildings, $4,798,756 (35.3% 

 more); implements and machinery, $9.024,328 (21.4% less) principally because sugar 

 machinery was not reported in 1910, as in 1900, as agricultural implements, and domestic 

 animals, $4,407,200 (71.5 % more). The average value of farm property was $22,306 (31.6 % 

 less) and the average value of land per acre $30.16 (39.4 % more). The increase in number of 

 farms was largely in smaller farms, especially those under 20 acres. The proportion of farms 

 under 50 acres increased from less than five-sixths to more than seven-eighths of the total in 

 the decade. The number of white farmers increased 47.9 % and that of coloured farmers more 

 than doubled. In 1910 more than half the total were Japanese (2,138; 4 times as many as 

 in 1910); the Chinese numbered 876 (18% increase), Hawaiian farmers 468 (488 in 1900), 

 whites 753 (509 in 1900). In 1900, 55.2 %, and in 1910, 67 % of all farmers were cash tenants; 

 in the decade the percentage of owners decreased from 30.1 to 19.3. These changes were due 

 to the substitution of tenancy agreements for contract labour on sugar plantations. 



In 1910 the value of domestic animals on farms was $4,292,945 (neat cattle, $2,279,026; 

 horses, $786,207; mules, $918,644; asses and burros, $19,726; swine, $136,116; sheep, $137,- 

 476; goats, $3,067; Chinese buffalo, $12,683); f domestic animals not on farms, $1,095,474; 

 of poultry, $65,310. Dairy products were small and inaccurately reported. The wool out- 

 put of 1909 was $56, 2933(4.7% more than in 1899). All crops in 1909 were valued at $28,538,- 

 264. The larger items were: sugar cane, $26,305,747 (acreage 186,230; in 1899, 65,687); 

 rice, $1,068,293; fruits'and nuts, $462,902 (pineapples, $331,162; bananas, $103,490); potatoes 

 and other vegetables, $350,974; coffee, $213,085; Indian corn, $53,337- 



Commerce. For the*fiscal year ending June 30, 1912 the value of imports was $30,246,349 

 and of exports $55,449,343. Exports to foreign countries are very variable ; the advance from 



1 See E. B. xiii, 83 et seq. 



