PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 949 



less marked. A hospital with 30 beds has been opened at Bontoc; a temporary hospital is 

 in operation at Butuan; and there has been some success in attempts to vaccinate the wild 

 tribes. Provincial health funds were created and municipalities were authorised to consoli- 

 date to form sanitary divisions. In 1912 a committee was appointed to study the causes of 

 the high infant mortality. The legislature of 1912 voted 50,000 pesos to the Philippine 

 Islands Anti-Tuberculosis Society and 12,000 pesos to La Gota de Leche ("The Drop of 

 Milk," a babies' charity) for the protection of infants. In 1912 there were 44 pupils in a 

 school for the deaf and blind in Manila. 



Education. The total enrollment for the school year 1911-12 was 529,655 (about 13% 

 less than in the preceding year) and the average attendance was 329,073 (nearly 8 % less than 

 in the preceding year; but the ratio of attendance to enrollment was higher). The decrease 

 in enrollment is due to financial reasons, the large expenditures for permanent school build- 

 ings, the heavy expense of industrial training, on which so much stress is being laid, and the 

 increase in salaries, almost 10 % during the year to insular Filipino teachers. There were 

 38 high, 283 intermediate and 3,364 primary schools, with 664 American and 7,696 Filipino 

 teachers. Considerable stress is now laid on industrial instruction, especially hat-making, 

 weaving, carpentry, embroidery, lace making 1 and agriculture; and in 1912 the administration 

 urged the passage of a law for industrial education of adults. Athletic sports are also receiv- 

 ing more attention. In 1912 the legislature passed an act for the establishment of a school 

 of Household Industries for women in the city of Manila, and appropriated for it 100,000 

 pesos. The University of the Philippines was organised in its definite form during 1910-11, 

 and the following colleges are now in operation; Liberal Arts, Medicine and Surgery, Agri- 

 culture, Veterinary Science, Law, Engineering, and Fine Arts. The annual appropriation 

 for the University for 1913 was 575,000 pesos. In August 1912 the total registration in the 

 various departments was 1,400.. Of the high school graduates in 1911 57% entered the 

 university, an unusually high ratio. The^first president of the University, Murray Bartlett, 

 took office on June I, 1911, and was inaugurated December 20, 1911. By an Act of January 

 12, 1912, 20 government fellowships for foreign study were established; 5 are to be filled 

 from the teaching staff of the University of the Philippines. An Act of February 6, 1912 

 created 70 scholarships (at least one for each province or sub-province) in the government 

 forest school at Los Banos, La Laguna; and one of January 27, 1912 voted 7,000 pesos to 

 maintain 20 government scholarships in the College of Veterinary Science of the University 

 of the Philippines. The provinces and sub-provinces were authorised to grant allowances 

 to students in the University or in other government schools. Private schools are being 

 standardised by the department of education. Many changes are being made in the equip- 

 ment of Catholic institutions of learning: the Jesuit Ateneo, the Dominican University of 

 S. Tomas, and the Liceo are planning new buildings in the suburbs of Manila; in 1912 work 

 was begun on new buildings for Santa Scolastica convent at Singalona and a new plant was 

 completed for the Catholic college at Jaro (Iloilo). English is rapidly becoming the language 

 of the people, being increasingly used even in non-government schools, and on January I, 

 1913, it became the official language of the courts. The total appropriation for schools in 

 1912 was 3,610,000 pesos and the expenditure, 3,603,685 (2,612,091 for salaries). 



History. The Secretary of War after five weeks in the islands reported to the 

 President on November 23, 1910, that the people were unprepared for self-government 

 and that the better if not larger class did not desire it. These were the President's 

 views, which he repeated in an address in January 1911 before the Society of the Carabao 

 army and navy officers who have seen service in the Philippines, and those of the Chief 

 of the Bureau of Insular Affairs in his annual report for 1912. In the House of Repre- 

 sentatives (Democratic) a bill was introduced March 20, 1912 (by William A. Jones, 

 Virginia) providing for the qualified independence of the islands on July 4, 1913 and 

 their complete independence in 1921; and the Democratic party, which came into power 

 in 1913, is pledged by its platform to "an immediate declaration of the nation's purpose 

 to recognise the independence of the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government 

 can be established." The natives and the Americans who are in favour of independence 

 accuse the government and especially commissioner Dean Worcester of exaggerating 

 the number and the lack of civilisation of the non-Christian tribes, and of using this 

 as an argument against the ability of the Filipinos to govern themselves. They say, 

 besides, that land-grant limits are so small as to discourage the investment of capital; 

 that the limits on free exportation to the United States of sugar and tobacco dictated 

 by the American sugar and tobacco trusts threaten these industries in the islands; 

 and that the freedom from export duty on hemp, being only on hemp coming directly 

 to the United States and consumed there, is actually a tax on the Filipino hemp growers 



1 The Belgian sisters teach lace making in their schools in Manila, Tagudin and Bontoc. 



