9S 8 BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 



In 1911 about 24,000 acres of fresh land were cultivated as vineyards; 2,770,000 gallons 

 of the famous Tokay wine were produced that year. In 1910 95,620 cwts. of honey were 

 produced; the produce of silk-cocoons amounted to 2,700,000 Ibs. 



Considerable sums were provided in the budget for irrigation, drainage of marshes, forv 

 estry, and cattle breeding. Great efforts have been made to improve the dwellings of agri- 

 cultural labourers, and in 1911 alone 3600 cottages were built with state assistance. 



In 1911 there were in Hungary 6,183,424 cattle, 2,000,611 horses, 17,830 asses, 935 

 mules, 6,415,179 pigs, 7,696,880 sheep, and 484,171 goats. 



Mining. The total value of all mining and furnace products in 1910 was 6,364,000. 

 The quantity of the leading minerals and metals produced was: lignite, 7,617,000 tons; 

 coal, 1,282,000 tons; iron ore, 1,876,000 tons; pig iron, 494,000 tons; gold, 6,690 ibs. ; silver, 

 27,603 Ibs., and salt, 232,000 tons. 



Manufactures.' Hungary is primarily an agricultural country, but its manufacturing 

 industries show a steady development. Pursuing its programme of encouraging manufac- 

 tures, the government during 1911 assisted factories to the amount of 1,875,000 in the 

 shape of loans, grants of machinery, exemption from taxation, etc.; and the question of 

 developing the water-power of the country for industrial purposes has been under official 

 consideration. Hungary has suffered less than other countries from industrial unrest. A 

 salient feature during the last few years has been an enormous development in the building 

 trade. Thus in Budapest alone six hundred new houses were finished in 1911. 



Foreign trade. The special trade of Hungary during 1910-1911 was: 



In 1910 the value of the exports to Hungary showed the following percentages: Austria, 

 75.31; Germany, 8.38; India, 2.15; United Kingdom, 1.74. 



Communications. At the end of 1911 there were 13,022 m. of railway open for traffic. 

 There were 7070 m. of state roads, and great attention has been paid to their improvement. 

 The government has given up the zone tariff on railways, and has raised the price of fares 

 for passengers by one-third. When the zone tariff was introduced in 1889 the number of 

 passengers increased enormously, from 5,500,000 in 1888 to 16,000,000 in 1890,. 35,000,000 

 in 1900, and 67,000,000 in 1910, but nearly the whole of this increase went to the main lines. 

 In consequence these lines became congested, while the secondary lines which were expected 

 to profit by the tariff remained as unprofitable as before. 



The harbour and docks at Fiume have been enlarged and improved. The building of 

 two large shipbuilding docks has been begun, and the government has bought land for the 

 erection of a shipbuilding yard. Improvements in the harbour of Budapest were in 1912 

 to be undertaken shortly, and it was also proposed to enlarge the famous Kettenbriicke 

 and to construct another bridge over the Danube. 



Shipping and Navigation. In 1910 the merchant fleet numbered 302 vessels of 111,226 

 tons, 114 vessels of 109,831 tons being steamers. In 1910, 35,120 vessels of 4,552,114 tons 

 entered at all ports, while Fiume alone was entered by 17,8.80 of 3,031,381 tons. 



. . ' .i i ,-, r > 



Bosnia- Herzegovina. 1 



Constitution. The constitution promised to Bosnia-Herzegovina at the time of the 

 annexation was proclaimed on February 22, 1910. It extends to them the main provis- 

 ions of the Austrian Constitution as regards civil rights, and grants the provinces a local 

 Diet (see History below) to deal with all local matters. The bills passed by the Diet 

 must receive the assent of the Austrian and Hungarian governments before they can 

 receive the sanction of the Crown, and all matters relating to the common affairs of the 

 Monarchy are excluded from its legislative competence. 



The provincial government has four departments, for internal affairs, finance, justice, 

 and public works, while the chief executive is vested in the Austro-Hungarian Finance 

 Minister, who is also the governor of the provinces. 



Population. On December 31, 1910, Bosnia-Herzegovina had a census population of 

 i, 898,044, an increase of 329,952 or 21. 04 per cent over 1895. In 1910 there were 77,167 

 births, and 51,834 deaths. The population of the principal towns was: Serajevo, 51,- 

 872;Mostar, 16,385; Banjaluka, 14,793; Tuzla, I i,333 and Bjelina, 10,069. 



1 See E. B. iv, 279 et seq. 



