I004 FRANCE 



of the Paris Academy of Medicine and one of the most eminent French surgeons. He was 

 a friend of Gambetta, whom he attended in his last hours. He had been a senator since 

 1906. The Due DE LA TREMOILLE (b. 1838) was a distinguished historian and member of 

 the Academic des Inscriptions. LEON LEFEBVRE (b. 1838) was a politician and member of 

 the Institute; a deputy to the Corps Legislatif in 1869, and member of the National Assembly 

 (1871), from 1876 onwards he devoted himself to philanthropic work. MAURICE MAINDRON 

 (b. 1857) was a distinguished entomologist and man of letters; he published Le Tournoi de 

 Vauplassans (crowned by the Academy in 1895), Saint-Cendre (1898), L'Arbre de Science 

 (1906) etc. ERNEST MERCADIER (b. 1836; d. July 27) was a well-known physicist and 

 author of numerous discoveries and improvements in electrical science. JEAN CHARLES 

 RODOLPHE RADAU (b. 1835), the astronomer, was a member of the Bureau of Longitudes 

 and of the Academic des Sciences and a frequent contributor of scientific articles to the 

 Revue des deux Mondes. He also published a logarithmical table for astronomical work 

 (E. B. xxiv, 333). Louis XAVIER DE RICARD (b. 1843), the poet, assisted Catulle Mendes 

 to found the Parnasse Contemporain (E. B. xi, I46d). He was specially associated with the 

 revival of "langue d'oc" literature. Louis OSCAR ROTY (b. 1846; d. Mar. 23) was a prom- 

 inent sculptor and member of the Academic des Beaux-Arts. He took the Prix de Rome in 

 1875 f r a medal and founded a new school of medal-designing in Paris (E. B. xviii, 2b, and 

 xix, 9O7b). EDMOND SAGLIO (b. 1828; d. Dec. 7), archaeologist and member of the Institute, 

 is chiefly remembered for his collaboration with Daremberg in the great Dictionnaire des 

 Antiquites grecques el romains. PAUL TOPINARD (b. 1830), the anthropologist (E. B. xii, 

 8243), was the first professor at the Paris School of Anthropology, founded in 1876, and was 

 the author of various works, including L 1 Anthropologie (1876). 



ipi2. During this year the following persons died, whose biographies (as living in 1910) 

 are given in the E. B.: HENRI BRISSON (b. 1835; d. April 14), the statesman (E. B. iy, 

 574c). JEAN BAPTISTE EDOUARD DETAILLE (b.~i848; d. Dec. 24), the painter (E. B. viii, 

 nod). LEON DIERX (b. 1838; d. June n), the poet (E. B. viii, 2iod). ALFRED' FOUILLEE 

 (b. 1838; d. July 16), the philosopher (E. B. x, 737c). JEAN HENRI GEORGE LAGUERRE 

 (b. 1858), the lawyer and politician (E. B. xvi, 7gb). General HIPPOLYTE LANGLOIS (b. 

 1839; d. Feb. 12), the great artillery tactician and member of the Academy (E. B. xvii, 

 I77a). H. J. B. ANATOLE LEROY-BEAULIEU (b. 1842; d. June 16), the publicist (E. B. xvi, 

 48sb). JULES MASSENET (b. 1842; d. Aug. 13), the composer (E. B. xvii, 866c); his last 

 opera Panurge was completed just before his death. GABRIEL MONOD (b. 1844; d. April 

 10), the historian (E. B. xviii, 73ob). JULES HENRI POINCARE (b. 1854; d. July 17), the 

 astronomer and mathematician (E. B. xxi, 8g2a). Henri Poincare began his education at 

 the lycee in Nancy, where he was born; as a boy he served in an ambulance corps during the 

 war of 1870, and later passed with distinction through the Ecole Polytechnique in mining. 

 In 1879 he took his degree of Docteur es Sciences, and thereupon gave up practical work as 

 a mining engineer to take up a lectureship at Caen. He was transferred in 1881 to the 

 University of Paris, where he lectured on physical mechanics, mathematical physics and 

 astronomical mechanics. In 1889 he won the prize open to the whole world offered by the 

 King of Sweden for a mathematical treatise. By 1887, when he was elected a member of 

 the Academic des Sciences, he had written 300 works. In 1908, when he became a member 

 of the Academic Franchise, he had written 1300. These include Science et Hypothese, La 

 valeur de la Science, Science et Methode, etc. (see E. B. xxv, 786c; xxvi, 947d; xix, Ssgc). 



Some further details may be added concerning others of historical interest, who died in 

 1912: MAURICE BONVOISIN (b. 1849; d. March), was the caricaturist who used the pseu- 

 donym of "Mars." Besides working principally for the Journal Amusant in Paris, he was 

 a frequent contributor to English illustrated papers and magazines. JULES CAZOT (b. 1821; 

 d. Nov. 27), minister of justice 1879-82, president of Court of Cassation 1883-84, and life 

 senator. GEORGES COULON (b. 1838; d. Feb. 20), vice-president of the Council of State, was 

 a noted lawyer and administrator. Admiral JULES MARIE ARMANT DE CUVERVILLE (b. 

 '834), had been maritime prefect at Cherbourg (1893), commander of the Mediterranean 

 Squadron (1896), chief of the General Naval Staff (1898), and a senator since 1901. Louis 



finally head of the firm, which produced the well-known Belleville boilers (E. B. iv, I45a), 

 and also the automobile called by his name. From 1890 to 1893 he was president of the 

 Chamber of Commerce. JEAN DUPUIS (b. 1829; d. Nov. 29), a pioneer of French 

 trade and exploration in Indo-Chma. His expedition up the Red River in the early seventie."- 

 -. B. xxvii, 6a) led eventually to the French acquisition of Tongking. JUDITH [JULIE 

 BERNAT] (b. 1827; d. Oct. 27), the actress, made her first appearance in Paris at the Folies 

 Dramatiques in 1842. In 1846 she joined the Theatre Francais, and was a contemporary 

 and rival of Mmc. Rachel. She left the Comedie Francaise in 1864. FRANCOIS- RAOUI. 

 LARCHE (b. 1860; d. June 4), the sculptor, won the second Prix de Rome in 1886, and in 1900 

 the mcdaille d'honneur in the Salon for sculpture. One of his best known works, "Les 

 Violcttes (1899), was placed in the Luxembourg (E. B. xxiv, soga). Amongst his other 

 works are Jesus devant les docleurs (1890), La Prairie el le Ruisseau (1891), Le Miroir (1892), 



