IOI2 GERMANY 



German Dependencies. 1 



The German colonial territories are broadly distributed as follows: 



White Native 



Area Population Population 



Sq. Mile. (1911)- (estimated). 



In Africa -1,028,190 20,007 14,000,000 



In the Pacific 94,675 1,533 600,000 



Kiaochow 213 3,896 160,000 



1,123,078 25,436 14,760,000 



The central administration has been the Relchskolonialamt since April i, 1907, its 

 head being a Secretary of State. Kiaochow is not administered by this office but by 

 the Reichsmarineamt. 



Cameroon. This West African colony had on January I, 1911 a white population of 

 1,455 and a native population estimated at 2,700,000. But by the Franco-German agree- 

 ment of November 4, 1911 the southern and eastern frontier was changed so that the territory 

 extends to a point on the Congo river and to another on the Ubangi. This change repre- 

 sents an accretion of territory of nearly 100,000 sq. miles, the total area being now 290,000 

 sq. miles. In recent years Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg has assisted the develop- 

 ment of the colony by extensive exploration. The principal products are cocoa and rubber, 

 of which there were in 1911 some 5,000,000 trees each. Bananas, oil-palms and coffee follow 

 in importance. The value of exports amounted in 1910 to 1,000,000, of which rubber repre- 

 sented 550,000, palm products nearly 250,000, and cocoa 150,000. Imports exceeded 

 1,250,000 in value. The colony was visited by 529 ships of 1,291,000 tons. The ordinary 

 expenditure for 1912 was estimated at 480,000; the revenue at 320,000. The native and 

 house tax is the principal item in the latter, amounting to 60,000. A Catholic and three 

 evangelical missions support a number of schools with 28,660 pupils; there are also four 

 government schools with 733 pupils. The military forces in 1910 numbered 1,471 men, 

 1,300 of whom were natives. 



German East Africa has an area of 384,000 sq. miles, with a population estimated (though 

 roughly) at 10,000,000. Whites in 1911 numbered 4,227. Plantations consist chiefly of 

 sisal, rubber, manihot, coffee, cocoa and pepper, and of the total exports to the value of 

 1,040,000 in 1910, sisal represented 150,000, rubber 290,000, and copra 100,000. Im- 

 ports were valued at nearly 2,000,000. The colony was visited in 1910 by 933 vessels of a 

 total tonnage of 2,000,000. The railways, at the end of 191 1, had a length of 662 miles. The 

 central railway reached Tabora in 1912 and the cost of its extension to Lake Tanganyika has 

 been voted by the Reichstag. The Usambara railway reached Moschi in October 1911. 

 The estimated ordinary expenditure amounted to nearly 1,000,000 in 1912, the house and 

 hut tax representing nearly 200,000, and the revenue was estimated at 620,000. There 

 are a military force of 2,962 men and a police force of 1,898, both principally native. 



German South West Africa has an area of 322,450 sq. miles, with a white population of 

 13,962 in 191 1 and an estimated native population of 80,000. The Anglo-German boundary 

 at Walfish Bay was settled by agreement of May 23, 1911. About 29,000,000 acres were 

 l>eing farmed in 1911; cattle numbered 144,000, sheep 400,000 and goats 400,000. Total 

 exports were valued at 1,730,000 in 1910. Two years previously the first export from 

 newly discovered diamond-fields had taken place; the value of the stones in 1910 was 1,350,- 

 oop, and in 1911 and again in 1912 diamonds amounting to about 800,000 carats were ob- 

 tained. Copper was exported to the value of 280,000 in 1910. Imports were valued at 

 2,220,000. Vessels visiting the colony in 1911 numbered 483, of a total tonnage of 

 1 >3 28 >53 6 . There artrfour railways, with a mileage of 1,186 at the end of 1911. Estimated 

 expenditure (1912), 1,800,000; revenue 880,000. Self-government was granted on Jan- 

 uary 28, 1909, and the Landesrat held its first session in May 1910. 



Togo (West Africa) has an area of 33,700 sq. miles, an estimated native population of 

 1.000,000 and a white population (1911) of 363. Palm products (kernels and oil) took the 

 chief place (160,000) and rubber the second (60,000) in the export trade of 1910, the total 

 value of which was 360,000, while imports were valued at 570,000. Shipping in 1910 had 

 a total tonnage of 577,000. Railways extend to 201 miles, a line of ipo miles from Lome to 

 Atnkpame having been opened on April I, 1911. Estimated expenditure (1912) 160,000, 

 revenue 150,000, including a native tax providing 27,000. An agricultural school and a 

 handicrafts school have been established. A native police force numbers 569 men. 



New Guinea. German New Guinea includes Kaiser Wilhelms Land, the Solomon 



Uands and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Pomerania, New Mecklenburg, New Hanover 



and the Admiralty Islands), with a total area of 93,000 sq. miles, a native population estimated 



to exceed 500,000, and a white population (1911) of 723. Exports were valued at only 



180,000 in 1910, the principal item being copra; imports at nearly 200,000. The revenue 



1 See H. Meyer, Das deutsche Kolonialreich, Leipzig, 1910. 



