SWEDEN 1x39 



Between January 5 and 16. 1911, King Alfonso visited Melilla, where he unveiled a 

 monument to the Spanish soldiers who had fallen in the Riff. In June, the occupation 



of Alcazar and Laraiche brought about a critical situation, strong protests 

 affairs? being made by the French and Moorish governments. Public feeling ran 



dangerously high, despite the efforts of the Ministerial Press. But the 

 Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sefior Garcia Prieto, handled the situation with firmness 

 and tact, and on December 6th, formal negotiations with France were begun, M. Geoff- 

 ray, the French Ambassador, representing his country, while Sir Maurice de Bunsen, 

 the British Ambassador, was present at the request of both parties. The negotiations 

 terminated successfully in November 1912 (see MOROCCO). In January of that year, 

 the total number of Spanish troops in Morocco had been nearly 35,000. The cost of 

 the war evoked many protests from the Republican party, who denounced the official 

 " policy of adventure." But even they were not unanimous, as Sefior Lerroux sup- 

 ported the government on this one question. All the Monarchist parties were in 

 favour of an active Moroccan policy, and the war was not unpopular in the country. 



Obituary. In addition to that of Sefior Canalejas, the following deaths may be noted. 

 MARIA TERESA ISABELLA, Infanta of Spain (b. 1882), died at Madrid on September 23, 1912; 

 she was the second daughter of Alphonso XII and Queen Maria Cristina, and was married on 

 January 12, 1906, to Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria. MARCELINOMENENDEZ vPELAYO (b. 1856) 

 the scholar and critic (see E. B. xviii, I28d), died at Santander on May 20, 1912; he con- 

 tinued his critical and linguistic researches almost up to the day of his death and bequeathed 

 his library of 40,000 volumes to Santander, the town of his birth. JOSE LOPEZ-DOMINGUEZ 

 (b. 1825), the statesman and general, died on October 18, 1911; he was war minister in the 

 Posada-Herrera Cabinet of 1883 (see E. B. xxv, 560), and on the death of his uncle, Marshal 

 Serrano, succeeded him as leader of the "Dynastic Left" party; later he joined a coalition 

 which took the name of the Nationalist party, and in 1906 was Prime Minister at the head 

 of an anti-clerical cabinet (seeE. B. xxv, 56jb). AURELIANODEBERUETE (b. 1845), the painter 

 and art critic, died at Madrid on January 5, 1912. He was a well-known landscape painter 

 (see E. B. xxvii, 978b), wrote the standard work on Velazquez, and was the leading authority 

 on Spanish art. (K. G. JAYNE.) 



SWEDEN 1 



Population. The census of 1910 showed an increase of 7.5% since 1900. The 

 population on January i, 1912 was 5,561,799 (2,718,638 males and 2,843,161 females), 

 distributed as follows: Norrland (Northern Division), 953,582; Svealand (Central 

 Division), 1,170,795; Stockholm district (Lan), 234,973; Stockholm City, 346,599; 

 Gotaland (Southern Division), 2,855,850. There has been a marked increase in the 

 population of the Northern Division since 1910, a result of the development of the 

 mineral (iron ore) resources in the northernmost districts, and also of new railway and 

 waterworks construction. In Stockholm, the growth of population is still rapid but not 

 as rapid as that before 1900. This is due to the exodus to new suburban residential 

 districts, among which are Lidingon, Djursholm, Saltsjobaden, Sundbyberg, etc. These 

 outlying districts are not yet incorporated, and the growth of Stockholm must not, 

 therefore, be gauged by the statistics of the city alone but also by those of Stockholm 

 district, the inhabitants of which increased from 172,850 in 1900 to 234,973. 



The excess of births over deaths in 1910 was 10.462 per thousand. The birth rate 

 for the same year was 24.466 per thousand. The chief towns with a population exceed- 

 ing 20,000 inhabitants are: Stockholm (346,599), Gothenburg (170,606), Malmo 

 (89,719), Norrkoping (46,629), Gefle (35,719), Helsingborg (33,225), Orcbro (31,066), 

 Eskilstuna (28,485), Karlskrona (27,496), Jonkoping (27,226), Upsala (26,586), Linkop- 

 ing (23,021), Boras (21,997), Lund (20,340). 



Emigration during 1910 showed an increase probably a result of the national strike 

 in 1909. The figures published for 1906-10 are: (1906) 24,704, (1907) 22,978, (1908) 

 12,499, (1909) 21,992, (1910) 27,816. The United States received the largest contingent, 

 but Denmark, Norway and Canada also received considerable numbers. Swedes resi- 

 dent abroad number between 2,120,000 and 2,245,000, of whom no less than 1,500,000 



J See E. B. xxvi, 188 et seq. 



