QO CALORIFIC POWER OF FUELS. 



pushed the sale of fuel-oil made of Ohio crude, and large 

 quantities of it have been used ; large quantities of a special 

 grade are also made for use in enriching water gas. 



The calorific power of petroleum residuum is, according 

 to Sainte- Claire Deville, 11460 calories (20628 B. T. U.), 

 the evaporation at 5 pounds pressure being 1 5 pounds. This 

 compared with the heat of combustion shows a useful effect 

 of over 86 per cent, while the entire absence of smoke, un- 

 burnt gases, ashes, and irregularity in air-supply add to its 

 advantages still more. 



Some experiments made at the Hecla Engineering Works, 

 Preston, England, and lasting two days, used a marine boiler. 

 The first day natural draft was used, the second a Korting 

 blower. The oil was blast-furnace oil from Sheffield, and 

 contained : 



Per cent. 



Carbon 83. 54 



Hydrogen 10. 59 



Oxygen $.94 



Sulphur 0.09 



100. 16 



By Thompson's calorimeter its value was 16080 B. T. U. 

 Equivalent to water at 212 F 16.66 pounds. 



The results were: First day, 14.97 Ibs. ; second day, 14.21 

 Ibs., a yield of 89.87 and 85.25 per cent of the theoret- 

 ical. 



A series of tests made at South Lambeth with a Cornish 

 boiler showed 20.8 Ibs. evaporation; average of several days, 

 19.5 Ibs. The same boiler with the best Aberdeen coal 

 yielded 6.5 Ibs., an advantage of 3 to I in favor of the 

 oil. 



The following analyses of the waste gases from boilers using 

 oil show how perfect the combustion is, and that little if any 

 excess of air is needed : 



