LIQUID FUELS. 9! 



To have the best results, the burner must be so regulated 

 as to have a flame bordering on, but not quite, smoky. Thus 

 sufficient and not too much air is obtained. The quantity of 

 steam needed to atomize the oil at Moscow is 4 per cent of the 

 water evaporated. The use of compressed air has been tried 

 in some places with very satisfactory results : the atomizing 

 is good, but the cost is higher, and the probable chemical 

 effect of the steam is wanting. 



Nothing but a bare mention need be made of animal and 

 vegetable oils, as they are not used in the arts for heating 

 purposes except, perhaps, on very exceptional occasions. 

 The calorific power of all of them is high, as may be seen 

 from Table I. 



