VOLUME OF WASTE GASES BY ANALYSIS. I2/ 



Tables V and VI gives the coefficients to be employed in 

 the calculations. 



Table XIII gives the theoretical quantity of air required 

 for the combustion of various fuels; the actual quantity 

 used depends on the conditions of firing, fuel, etc, and is 

 seldom less than twice the amount shown in the table, except 

 perhaps with gases. 



VOLUME OF WASTE GASES BY ANALYSIS. 



For a long time efforts have been made to determine the 

 quantity of air used by comparison of the analyses of the 

 waste gases with those of the fuel used. Many analyses 

 have been published, but the results showed so little regu- 

 larity, and were so contradictory even, that it was impossible 

 to form any conclusion further than that waste gases from 

 coal may contain at the same time both combustible gas and 

 an excess of air. 



Peclet, in 1827, published the first analyses, made with 

 samples collected from a boiler-stack by means of an inverted 

 flask containing water. Ebelmen, in 1844, published a 

 memoir on the composition of gases from industrial furnaces. 

 He analyzed the gases from a metallurgical furnace, the gas 

 being collected by an aspirator. In 1847 Combes made a 

 report on methods of burning or preventing smoke, giving 

 analyses by Debette. In these the first attempts were made 

 to obtain average samples, they being drawn at certain deter- 

 mined stages of the heat and the fuel. 



In 1862 Commines de Marcilly published analyses of 

 gases from locomotives, as well as from stationary boilers, 

 but the author said the time of collection lasted only a few 

 seconds. In 1866 Cailletet showed that, to obtain correct 

 results, the gas should not be collected till somewhat cooled ; 

 otherwise, on account of dissociation, a larger proportion of 

 combustible gas is found than when cooler. 



But, on account of the defective methods of sampling 



