DIFFKTI.T MTl'ATK'XS FOR YOUXd DRIVERS. 173 



only to stop him as quickly as you can. Recollect, however, that a con- 

 tinual dead pull will never stop a runaway horse, unless indeed you hav.- 

 the strength of Hercules ; his mouth soon becomes callous to the action 

 of the sharpest lit. Nur is it proper to keep jerking a horse under such 

 circumstances, as that would rather urge him to increase his speed. The 

 ordinary mode is to take the reins short in your hands, and then by a 



den, steady movement of the body backwards, exerting at the same 

 time all tin- strength of the arms, endeavour to pull him up ; this, repeated 

 two or three times, will generally be effectual. Suppose it not to succeed 

 adopt the following plan : Cross the reins in your hand that is, plac' 



right ivin in the left hand, the left in the right hand take them very 

 short, and then suddenly put all your strength to them with a sudden jerk 

 but continue the pressure, violently sawing them at the same time ; if this 

 will not bring the horse to his haunches at the first attempt, let him par- 

 tially have his head that is, sufficiently slacken your pull to give hi^ 

 mouth time to recover its feeling and then repeat the effort 



Sn Mi;UN<; AND SLIPPING. If your horse be kept well in hand, you 

 will generally be able to keep him from absolutely coming down. You 

 will naturally put more force to your pull upon his making the stumble, 

 and this jerk, if succeeded by a strong, continuous aid, generally keeps 

 him on his legs; a smart stroke with the whip should follow, to remind 

 hint that this carelessness is not to be repeated. A horse that is apt to 



;il)le, or even one that from his form is likely to stumble, should n.t 



be kept well in hand, but also be kept alive by now and thru 



Og reminded, without actually punishing him, that his driver has a 



whip in his hand. A horse with his head set too forward that is, low 



in the withers is almost sure to come down sooner or later, particularly 



if his fore-legs "stand at all under him," as it is technically termed that 



'ant a little inward. Stumbling, however, be it remembered, is totally 

 distinct from slipping; wood pavements will give the tyr<> plent\ 

 opportunities ,,f seeing the ditlerence. If a horse slips, a sudden jerk 



ild pm1.al.ly throw him down ; in such a case the driver must aid the 

 ady hold, letting him, as it were, lean on the hit to 



help himself to stand. It requires some nerve thus to aid the horse with- 

 out hfciii"; induced to jerk him by the suddenness of the slip. 



.Jll'.r.l.v; U t! of ohstinacy in a horse which oausefl him to plant 



}\\> ' upon the ground and refuse to move. If \\-e are ask.-. I what 



i> the ' "to adopt with a jibber, we say, Pfttienoel This, ! 



.ualitied by the temper of the horse. Some jil>! 

 Olfty be started 1>\ xiidd--n ai, whipping: ninety-nine 



