582 THE HOME, FARM AND BUSINESS CYCLOPEDIA. 



in the experience of most breeders are remarkable in both qualities ; in 

 the days of their early history they were unquestionably deep and true 

 milkers, but management towards a different object, has, during the last 

 eighty years, changed their dairy standard. Though low in specific 

 gravity, the proportion of cream is high, and the quantity of butter from 

 the milk the highest of what is illustrated, and possibly second only to 

 the Jersey, which, as yet, we have not had opportunity to investigate 

 thoroughly. Even in cheese the Shorthorn is among the best. With this 

 high average we would expect similar characteristics by the use of this 

 breed with the native cows of the country, whether one or more crosses, 

 but the table shows no advantage in richness, though a very large increase 

 to quantity of milk and duration of the season. This shorthorn grade is 

 undoubtedly the nearest approach we have to what is termed a general 

 purpose cow. 



In duration of season and quantity of milk, the Aberdeen Poll is not 

 equal to the Shorthorn, with which it is comparable as a beefer, and 

 indeed it is the lowest of any in quantity, yet giving by specific gravity 

 the richest of all excepting the Devon. But in fact nobody would look 

 to the Aberdeen Poll for the dairy, though when put to the Canadian, we 

 obtain much more prominence in milking powers with a distinct reduction 

 in per cent, of cream, and yet, curiously enough, a fully better weight of 

 cream. 



The great beef grazier of England, the Hereford, is in no way better 

 than the Shorthorn and Aberdeen Poll in milk quantity, but of any in our 

 experience giving the largest amount of butter from cream fully one-half 

 weight for weight. Its grade is very prominent in advance of 

 it, particularly so in proportion of cream, though one of the lowest in 

 cheesy properties. I find on reference to a recent live stock text-book, 

 published in England, that the Ontario Experimental Farm is credited with 

 placing the Hereford Grade as a creamer. 



Note, thus far, in disposing of the three greatest beefing breeds of the 

 world, that value in fair measure, could not be got except from the Short- 

 horn grade ($25), on an average of things, and $20.50 from the Hereford 

 grade. 



In all our experimental research, no breed can touch the Devon in reg- 

 istering a high specific gravity and weight of cheese from milk, both are 

 unusually high, and should be accounted for by the dairy expert. I now 

 ask for this explanation. The Devon is also a good average in duration 

 of milking, and, for its size, fair in quantity of milk, and, over an average 



