590 THE HOME, FARM AND BUSINESS CYCLOPAEDIA. 



13. By a large variety of experiments with several classes of cattle and 

 many kinds of food, we find the actual cost of adding one pound to tho 

 live weight of a 1 ,000 pound animal is six cents to the feeder who gi 



his own materials, and nearly twelve cents when the food is bought in 

 the regular market, manure and management not considered. 



14. Sugar Beet, weight for weight with mangolds and turnips, and, in 

 association with equal kinds and quantities of other foods, gave the high- 

 est returns in feeding cattle, or 2*70 pounds per head per day. 



15. Mangolds gave 2*38 pounds per head per day under similar condi- 

 tions to the sugar beet. 



16. Turnips (Swede) added 2*30 pounds per day to the average steer 

 that weighed 1,061 pounds under conditions similar to mangolds and sugar 

 beet. 



17. There is either a simple natural reason or a hidden chemical one in 

 the fact that by the use of less grain ;ind more roots, cattle gave a greater 

 daily return in live weight. See special chapter herewith. 



18. The present market for wool and mutton in Ontario is best supplied 

 to the profit of the farmer by the Shropshire Down shearling grade, 

 which gives annually fourteen per cent, more value than any other in 

 our experience. 



19. There is a remarkable uniformity in the annual value of wool and 

 mutton from the grades of Cots wold, Leicester, Merino, Oxford Down 

 and South Down, resulting from differences in weight and value of both 

 products. 



20. From nearly 5,000 observations the following notes have been ob- 

 tained as evidence of peculiarities, characteristics or other indications of 

 breeds of cattle : 



(a) That there is no such class as a " general purpose" breed, one to do the 

 best for the dairyman and the butcher. 



(6) An average cow for dairy purposes should give 20 Ibs. milk per day 

 during 200 days every year; 8 Ibs. of cream for every 100 Ibs. of milk; 

 45 Ibs. of butter from every 100 Ibs. of cream, and fully 10 Ibs. of cheese 

 from every 100 Ibs.. of milk. 



(<?) Bulk, volume, or per cent, of cream, is no sa-fe criterion of tin- 

 quantity of butter in that cream, weight alone is the proper mode of 

 judging. 



(d) Breed, as much, if not more than food, affects the quantity and 

 quality of milk,cream, butter and cheese. 



(e) In the Ontario Experimental Farm experience the Shorthorn is an 

 average milker, short in duration per season, low in specific gravity, high 



