164 CASEIN. 



a method of cheapening soap is based. This applies more to 

 curd soaps than to toilet soaps, especially when the Schnetzer 

 moulding machine or the Klumpp cooling press is used. In 

 the case of toilet soaps, i.e., stock soaps for milled soap, 

 such a large proportion of the moisture evaporates in the 

 drying apparatus that the calculated results are reduced to 

 about one-third, though this is still worthy of note in view 

 of the other advantages presented by the use of casein. 



As already stated, the casein is intimately mixed with the 

 aqueous solution of alkali. The resulting, somewhat sticky 

 mass, however, must not have an alkaline reaction towards 

 phenolphthalein, though, nevertheless, all the casein must be 

 in solution. Even during this stage of the operation a strong 

 smell of ammonia will be noticeable, and this increases when 

 the mass is introduced into the hot soap. At the same time 

 the liberation of carbonic acid is stimulated by the heat, and 

 care must be taken that the soap does not rise and run over 

 the top of the pan. 



Another advantage of casein soaps is their greater lather- 

 ing power, which is peculiarly desirable in the case of shaving 

 soaps. 



For these reasons Antony recommends all soap-makers to 

 give casein a trial, as it will probably prove useful to many. 



CASEIN- ALBUMOSE SOAP. 



This soap is prepared from tallow and olive oil by saponi- 

 fication with a mixture of caustic soda and caustic potash. 

 After salting-out with potassium chloride, a preparation of 

 casein and albumose is incorporated with the soap, which is 

 then superfatted to the extent of 7 per cent. This soap may 

 be used in place of casein ointment. 



CASEIN IN SHEETS, BLOCKS, ETC. 



Casein may be obtained in perfectly homogeneous sheets, 

 blocks, etc., characterised by solidity, flexibility and elasticity, 

 in the following mariner : 



