The following table shows the texture of soil as it generally occurs in 

 Lancaster County: 



Mechanical analyses of Cecil silt loam. 



SURFACE FEATURES AND DERIVATION OF SOIL. 



The surface features of the farm are simple and consist of a ridge, 

 along the crest of which runs the public road. This ridge slopes away 

 on each side to other ridges, from which it is separated by erosion 

 valleys occupied by small streams flanked by narrow belts of bottom 

 lands. Tributary to these small streams are many small gullies, which 

 carry water only after a rain. They usually enter the streams nearly at 

 right angles and if unchecked succeed in rapidly eating their way in 

 V-shaped troughs nearly to the top of the ridge, eroding the soil and 

 forming unproductive galls. This has the effect of leaving a series of 

 smaller ridges flanking the main ridge nearly at right angles. Thei 

 larger and steeper of the ravines between these small ridges are allowed 

 to remain in the growth of small pine and other trees which covers 

 them, but the farther encroachment of the smaller ones is prevented by 

 means of terracing, ditching, and filling with brush, and the larger ones 

 are being reclaimed from the top as fast as these methods become 

 effective enough to allow it. The plantation has a range of elevation 

 of possibly 100 feet from the lowest creek to the highest point on the 

 public road. Those lands north of the road drain into Hannas Creek, 

 while south of the road the principal drainage is into a small branch 

 nearly south from the house. 



The soils are derived from ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks 

 by residual weathering or, as in the case of the -stream bottoms, by 

 wash from the hills. The rocks at this point are mostly highly weath- 



