TABLE OF CONTENTS. xix 



PAGE 



Ball mills 452 



Tube mills 457 



Pebbles for tube mills 463 



Class 8. Impact pulverizers 465 



Raymond pulverizer 466 



Williams mill 466 



CHAPTER XXXII. 

 CEMENT BURNING: FIXED KILNS. 



Classes of fixed or stationary kilns 469 



1. Dome or ordinary intermittent kilns 470 



2. Dome kilns with drying accessories 471 



Johnson kiln 471 



3. Ring or Hoffmann kiln 472 



4. Continuous shaft kilns 474 



Dietzsch kiln 474 



Aalborg or Schofer kiln 474 



Hauenschild kiln 475 



Schwarz kiln 477 



Reference list for fixed kilns 478 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



THE ROTARY KILN. 



Early history 480 



Summary of burning process 481 



Shape and size 482 



Feeding coal to the kiln 486 



Gas-burners for rotary kilns 489 



Kiln linings 490 



Actual fuel consumption and output 492 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 



HEAT CONSUMPTION AND HEAT UTILIZATION. 



Theoretical heat requirements 497 



Purposes for which heat is required 497 



Heat utilized in evaporation of water 498 



Heat utilized in decomposition of clay 498 



Heat utilized in dissociation of sulphates 499 



Heat utilized in dissociation of carbonates 499 



Temperature required for clinkering 499 



Heat utilized in heating the mix 500 



Total theoretical heat requirements 501 



Heat losses in practice 502 



Sources of loss of heat 502 



Heat carried out in flue dust, 502 



