XX TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Sources of heat supply 503 



Heat supplied by combustion of fuel 503 



Heat supplied by chemical combinations 504 



Heat derived from the clinker 504 



Heat derived from the stack-gases 504 



Estimates and tests of heat distribution 505 



Newberry's estimates 505 



Helbig's estimates. 505 



Results of actual tests 505 



Richard's tests 506 



Carpenter's tests 508 



Summary of estimates and tests 509 



Heat utilization and economics 509 



List of references on heat requirements, etc 510 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



REQUISITES AND TREATMENT OP KILN FUELS. 



Coal 512 



Characters of kiln coals 512 



Analyses of kiln coals 512 



References on coal-fields 513 



Crushing coal 514 



Drying coal 515 



Pulverizing coal 515 



Power and output in coal grinding 519 



Total cost of coal preparation 520 



Fire and explosion risks 520 



List of references on coal drying, grinding, etc 521 



Oil 522 



Use of oil in rotary kilns 522 



List of references on petroleum 522 



Natural gas 522 



Use of natural gas in kilns 522 



Analyses and thermal value of gas , 523 



List of references on natural gas 523 



Producer gas 524 



General note 524 



Producer gas from wood and lignite 524 



Composition of producer gas 525 



Charcoal 526 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 



CLINKER COOLING, GRINDING, AND STORAGE. USE OF GYPSUM. 



Clinker cooling 527 



General methods of clinker cooling 527 



Pan conveyors, rolls, and sprinkling 528 



