CEMENT BURNING: FIXED KILNS. 479 



Candlot, E. Ciments et chaux hydrauliques. 1898. Fixed kilns of various 

 types are well described on pp. 53-71, inclusive. 



Lewis, F. H. The Candlot oscillating grate for cement kilns. Engineering 

 Record, May 21, 1898. Description of a grate devised to improve draft 

 and prevent balling in shaft kilns. 



Schoch, C. Die moderne Aufbereitung und Wertung der Mortel-Materialen. 

 1896. Pages 124-157 of this volume contain descriptions of various 

 improved types of fixed kilns. Those of the Hoffmann, Dietzsch, Stein, 

 Hanenschild, and Schofer kilns are particularly valuable. 



Scott, H. S. D., and Redgrave, G. R. The manufacture and testing of Portland 

 cement. Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs., vol. 62, pp. 67-86. 1880. 



The Johnson kiln and its modifications are described in considerable 

 detail on pp. 74-76. 



Stanger, W. H., and Blount, B. The rotatory process of cement-manufacture. 

 Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs., vol. 165, pp. 44-136. 1901. Valuable data 

 on the design, construction, and results obtained from various types 

 of fixed kilns will be found on pp. 44, 48, 81, 82, 99, and 100. 



Von Schwarz, C. The utilization of blast-furnace slag. Journal Iron and Steel 

 Institute, 1900, No. 1, pp 141-152. 1900. The Schwarz kiln is de- 

 scribed with figures. 



Zwick, H. Hydraulischer Kalk und Portland-Cement. 1892. Pages 148- 

 184 are devoted to discussions of kilns and burning practice. The 

 Hoffmann ring kiln is described in great detail. 



