490 



CEMENTS, LIMES, AND PLASTERS. 



was running some of its kilns on natural gas and some on producer 

 gas. At all these plants the Kirkwood burner, shown in Figs. 123, 

 124, is used in supplying gas to the kiln. 



The Kirkwood gas-burner is manufactured by Tate, Jones & Co., 

 of Pittsburg, Pa., under patents granted to R. G. Kirkwood in 1896. 

 It consists of two concentric cylindrical casings, which are bolted to- 

 gether, forming an annular chamber. A large number of small pipes 

 are set to form a spiral series, passing from one side to the other of the 

 annular chamber. These pipes are provided with a number of fine 

 holes, and a nozzle caps the entire outfit. Gas is introduced through 

 an opening into the annular chamber, from which it passes into the 

 small pipes, issues through the holes in these pipes in a great number 

 of fine jets, and mixes with the air which is blown through the burner, 



-Blast Gate 



A)r Inlet 

 Forced Draught 

 2 "Kirkwood Patent 

 Natural Gas Burner 



FIG. 124. Kirkwood gas-burner applied to rotary kiln. (Tate, Jones & Co.) 



thus securing a proper mixture of air and gas to be burned at the noz- 

 zle. A cast-iron plate filled with asbestos cement is provided for bolt- 

 ing to the front of the kiln to receive the end of the burner, and the 

 back of the burner has a projection into which the air-blast pipe is in- 

 troduced. These burners are about 18 inches in diameter and 5 feet 

 in length, and are designed to work efficiently with a gas pressure of 

 from 3 to 4 ounces per square inch. 



Kiln linings. Three materials have been used for kiln linings; 

 cement clinker, alumina brick, and magnesia brick. A fourth will 

 probably be introduced in the near future bauxite brick. 



Of these lining materials, the use of alumina brick may be con- 

 sidered to be the standard American practice. In the following tables 

 analyses of these products are given. Table 181 contains analyses of 

 clays used in the manufacture of high-alumina kiln brick, while analyses 

 of the brick are given in Table 182. Tables 183 and 184 contain analyses 

 of low-alumina clays and the resulting brick, which have been supplied 

 for rotary-kiln linings at several plants. 



