524 



CEMENTS, LIMES, AND PLASTERS. 



Crane, W. R. Natural gas in steam production (in Kansas). Mines and 



Minerals, vol. 24, pp. 154-156. Nov., 1903. 

 Grimsley, G. P. A new Portland- cement mill in the gas-fields of Kansas. 



Engineering and Mining Journal, Feb. 16, 1901. 

 Bailey, E. H. S. Natural gas and coal oil in Kansas. Kansas University 



Quarterly, vol. 4, pp. 1-14. 1895. 



* Bownocker, J. A. Occurrence and exploitation of petroleum and natural 



gas in Ohio. Bulletin 1, 4th Series, Ohio Geol. Survey, 1903, p. 125. 



* Ford, S. A. Fuel value of Pittsburg gas. American Manufacturer, supple- 



ment, April, 1886. 



* Howard, C. D. Composition and fuel value of West Virginia gas. Vol. la, 



Reports West Virginia Geol. Survey, pp. 553-556. 1904.' 



* Orton, E. Preliminary Report upon Petroleum and Natural Gas (in Ohio). 



1887, pp. 53-54. 



* Phillips, F. C. The chemical composition of natural gas. Report I, 2d 



Geol. Survey Penna., pp. 787-827. 1887. 



* Phillips, F. C. The chemical composition of natural gas. Vol. la, Reports 



West Virginia Geological Survey, 1904, pp. 513-552. 



* White, I. C. The composition of natural gas. Vol. la, Reports West 



Virginia Geological Survey, 1904, pp. 513-557. 



Producer-gas. 



Producer-gas has been used in rotary kilns at three American plants 

 at least. Two of these plants report that their best fuel consumption, 

 when producer-gas was used, was equivalent to 220 to 240 Ibs. coal 

 per barrel of cement. The third plant, however, has recently experi- 

 mented with the Swindell gas-producer, and reports that a really eco- 

 nomical fuel consumption is attained. 



Producer-gas from wood or lignite. A cement-plant located in a 

 district where wood, lignite, or poor coal were the only natural fuels 

 would probably get good results by utilizing these fuels in the gas-pro- 

 ducer. A recent installation of this type at a Mexican copper-plant 

 has utilized wood, bituminous coal, and anthracite. 



This plant, in respect to the use of wood, is described f as follows : 



"The plant has been operated with wood and with coal, both anthra- 

 cite and bituminous. The down-draught principle of the producers, by 

 which all gases pass out through the bottom of the fire, has proved 

 thoroughly efficacious in producing fixed gases from all kinds of fuel 

 used at Nacozari. The water from the scrubber rarely shows even 

 that trace of tar which manifests itself by an iridescent film on the sur- 

 face of the water in the lower scrubber tank. 



t Langton, J. The power-plant of the Moctezuma Copper Co., Mexico. Trans. 

 Amer Inst. Mining Engineers, Oct., 1903. 



