GOVERNMENT AND LAW. 



25 



its own members, and a majority of each shall 

 constitute a quorum to do business ; but a 

 smaller number may adjourn from day to day, 

 and may be authorized to compel the attend- 

 ance of absent members, in such manner and 

 under such penalties as each House may pro- 

 vide. 



2. Each House may determine the rule of 

 its proceedings, punish its members for disor- 

 derly behavior, and, with the concurrence of 

 two thirds, expel a member. 



3. Each House shall keep a journal of its 

 proceedings, and from time to time publish the 

 same, excepting such parts as may in their 

 judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and 

 nays of the members of either House on any 

 question shall, at the desire of one fifth of 

 those present, be entered on the journal. 



4. Neither House, during the session of 

 Congress, shall, without the consent of the 

 other, adjourn for more than three days, nor 

 to any other place than that in which the two 

 houses shall be sitting. 



SECTION VI. 1. The Senators and Repre- 

 sentatives shall receive a compensation for 

 their services, to be ascertained by law, and 

 paid out of the treasury of the United States. 

 They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, 

 and breach of the peace, be privileged from 

 arrest during their attendance at the sessions 

 of their respective houses, and in going to and 

 returning from the same ; and for any speech 

 or debate in either house, they shall not be 

 questioned in any other place. 



2. No Senator or Representative shall, 

 during the time for which he was elected, be 

 appointed to any civil office under the authority 

 of the United States which shall have been 

 created, or the emoluments whereof shall have 

 been increased during such time ; and no per- 

 son holding any office under the United States 

 shall be a member of either House during his 

 continuance in office. 



SECTION VII. 1. All bills for raising rev- 

 enue shall originate in the House of Repre- 

 sentatives, but the Senate may propose or concur 

 with amendments, as on other bills. 



2. Every bill which shall have passed the 

 House of Representatives and the Senate 

 shall, before it become a law, be presented 

 to the President of the United States ; if he 

 approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall 

 return it, with his objections, to that House in 

 which it shall have originated, who shall enter 

 the objections at large on their journal, and 

 proceed to reconsider it. If after such recon- 

 sideration two thirds of that House shall agree 

 to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with 

 the objections, to the other House, by which 

 it shall likewise be reconsidered ; and if ap- 



proved by two thirds of that House it shall 

 become a law. But in all such cases the votes 

 of both Houses shall be determined by yeas 

 and nays, and the names of the persons voting 

 for and against the bill shall be entered on the 

 journal of each House respectively. If any 

 bill shall not be returned by the President 

 within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it 

 shall have been presented to him, the same shall 

 be a law in like manner as if he had signed 

 it, unless the Congress by their adjournment, 

 prevent its return ; in which case it shall not 

 be a law. 



3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which 

 the concurrence of the Senate and House of 

 Representatives may be necessary (except on a 

 question of adjournment) shall be presented to 

 the President of the United States ; and before 

 the same shall take effect shall be approved by 

 him, or being disapproved by him, shall be re- 

 passed by two thirds of the Senate and the 

 House of Representatives, according to the 

 rules and limitations prescribed in the case of 

 a bill. 



SECTION VIII. 1. The Congress shall have 

 power : 



To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, 

 and excises, to pay the debts and provide for 

 the common defense and general welfare of 

 the United States ; but all duties, imposts, and 

 excises shall be uniform throughout the United 

 States. 



2. To borrow money on the credit of the 

 United States. 



3. To regulate commerce with foreign na- 

 tions, and among the several States, and with 

 the Indian tribes. 



4. To establish an uniform rule of natural- 

 ization and uniform laws on the subject of 

 bankruptcies throughout the United States. 



5. To coin money, regulate the value there- 

 of, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard 

 of weights and measures. 



6. To provide for the punishment of coun- 

 terfeiting the securities and current coin of the 

 United States. 



7. To establish post offices and post roads. 



8. To promote the progress of science and 

 useful arts by securing for limited times to 

 authors and inventors the exclusive rights to 

 their respective writings and discoveries. 



9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the 

 Supreme Court. 



10. To define and punish piracies and felo- 

 nies committed on the high seas, and offenses 

 against the law of nations. 



11. To declare war, grant letters of marque 

 and reprisal, and make rules concerning cap- 

 tures on land and water. 



12. To raise and support armies, but no p- 



