84 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



the assignees of the entire interest, when, by 

 reason of a defective or insufficient specifica- 

 tion, or by reason of the patentee claiming as 

 his invention or discovery more than he had a 

 right to claim as new, the original patent is in- 

 operative or invalid, provided the error has 

 arisen from inadvertence, accident, or mistake, 

 and without any fraudulent or deceptive inten- 

 tion. Reissue applications must be made and 

 the specifications sworn to by the inventors, if 

 they be living. 



Caveats. A caveat, under the patent law, 

 is a notice given to the office, of the caveator's 

 claim as inventor, in order to prevent the 

 grant of a patent to another for the same al- 

 leged invention upon an application filed dur- 

 ing the life of a caveat without notice to the 

 caveator. 



Any citizen of the United States who has 

 made a new invention or discovery, and de- 

 sires further time to mature the same, may, on 

 a payment of a fee of ten dollars, file in the 

 Patent Office a caveat setting forth the object 

 and the distinguishing characteristics of the 

 invention, and praying protection of his right 

 until he shall have matured his invention. 

 Such caveat shall be filed in the confidential 

 archives of the office and preserved in secrecy, 

 and shall be operative for the term of one year 

 from the filing thereof. The caveat may be 

 renewed, on request in writing, by the pay- 

 ment of a second fee of ten dollars, and it will 

 continue in force for one year from the pay- 

 ment of such second fee. 



The caveat must comprise a specification, 

 oath, and, when the nature of the case admits 

 of it, a drawing, and, like the application, 

 must be limited to a single invention or im- 

 provement. 



Fees. Fees must be paid in advance, and 

 are as follows : On filing each original appli- 

 cation for a patent, $15. On issuing each 

 original patent, $20. In design cases: For 

 three years and six months, $10 ; for seven 

 years, $15 ; for fourteen years, $30. On filing 

 each caveat, $10. On every application for the 

 reissue of a patent, $30. On filing each dis- 

 claimer, $10. For certified copies of patents 

 and other papers in manuscript, ten cents per 

 hundred words ; for certified copies of printed 

 patents, eighty cents. For uncertified printed 

 copies of specifications and drawings of patents, 

 for single copies, or any number of unclas- 

 sified copies, five cents each ; for copies by sub- 

 classes, three cents each ; by classes, two cents 

 each, and for the entire set of patents issued, 

 in one order, one cent each. For recording 

 every assignment, agreement, power of attor- 

 ney, or other paper, of three hundred words or 

 under, $1 ; of over three hundred and under 



one thousand words, $2 ; of over one thousand 

 words $3. For copies of drawings, the reason- 

 able cost of making them. The Patent Office 

 is prepared to furnish positive blue-print pho- 

 tographic copies of any drawing, foreign or 

 domestic, in the possession of the office, in 

 sizes and at rates as follows : Large size, 10x15 

 inches, twenty-five cents; medium size, 7x11 

 inches, fifteen cents ; small size, 5x8 inches, 

 five cents. An order for small sized copies can 

 be filled only when it relates. to the drawings 

 of an application for patent. 



The total number of applications filed at the 

 Patent Office in sixty-one years, 1837-97, was 

 1,040,035; number of caveats filed, 107,415; 

 number of original patents, including designs 

 issued, 601,268. Receipts to December 31, 

 1896, $34,309,331.06 ; expenditures, $29,293,- 

 672.32; net surplus," $5,015,658.74. The 

 largest number of patents granted for an arti- 

 cle prior to January, 1895, has been for car- 

 riages and wagons, 20,000, and for stoves and 

 furnaces, 18,000. The next largest has been 

 for harvesters, 10,000 ; lamps and gas fittings, 

 10,000 ; boots and shoes, 10,000, and packing 

 and storing vessels, 10,000 approximately. 



NATURALIZATION LAWS. 



The conditions under and the manner in 

 which an alien may be admitted to become a 

 citizen of the United States are prescribed by 

 Sections 2, 165-74 of the Revised Statutes of 

 the United States. 



Declaration of Intentions. The alien must 

 declare upon oath before a circuit or district 

 court of the United States or a district or 

 supreme court of the Territories, or a court of 

 record of any of the States having common 

 law jurisdiction and a seal and clerk, two 

 years at least prior to his admission, that it is, 

 bonajide, his intention to become a citizen of 

 the United States, and to renounce forever 

 all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince 

 or State, and particularly to the one of which 

 he may be at the time a citizen or subject. 



Oath on Application for Admission. He must 

 at the time of his application to be admitted 

 declare on oath, before some one of the 

 courts above specified, ' ' that he will sup- 

 port the Constitution of the United States, 

 and that he absolutely and entirely re- 

 nounces and abjures all allegiance and fidelity 

 to every foreign prince, potentate, State, or 

 sovereignty, and particularly by name, to the 

 prince, potentate, State, or sovereignty of 

 which he was before a citizen or subject," 

 which proceedings must be recorded by the 

 clerk of the court. 



Conditions for Citizenship. If it shall ap- 

 pear to the satisfaction of the court to which 



