GOVERNMENT AND LAW. 



83 



be vested in the Sovereign of Great Britain 

 and Ireland, and carried on in her name by a 

 Governor General and Privy Council ; and 

 that the legislative power shall be exercised by 

 a Parliament of two Houses, called the " Sen- 

 ate " and the "House of Commons." Pro- 

 vision was made in the Act for the admis- 

 sion of British Columbia, Prince Edward Is- 

 land, the North- West Territories, and New- 

 foundland into the Dominion ; Newfoundland 

 alone has not availed itself of such provision. 

 In 1869 the extensive region known as the 

 North- West Territories was added to the Do- 

 minion by purchase from the Hudson's Bay 

 Company ; the province of Manitoba was set 

 apart out of a portion of it, and admitted 

 into the confederation on the 15th July, 1870. 

 On 20th July, 1871, the province of British 

 Columbia, and on the 1st J dy, 1873, the pro- 

 vince of Prince Edward Island, respectively 

 entered the confederation. 



The members of the Senate of the Parlia- 

 ment of the Dominion are nominated for life, 

 by summons of the Governor General under 

 the Great Seal of Canada. By the terms of 

 the Constitution, there are now 81 Senators 

 namely, 24 from the Province of Ontario, 24 

 from Quebec, 10 from Nova Scotia, 10 from 

 New Brunswick, 4 from Manitoba, 3 from 

 British Columbia, 4 from Prince Edward Is- 

 land, and two from the Territories. Each 

 senator must be 30 years of age, a born or 

 naturalized subject, and reside in, and be pos- 

 sessed of property, real or personal, of the 

 value of 4,000 dollars within, the province for 

 which he is appointed. The House of Com- 

 mons of the Dominion is elected by the peo- 

 .ple, for five years, unless sooner dissolved, at 

 the rate at present of one representative for 

 every 22, 688, the arrangement being that the 

 province of Quebec shall always have 65 mem- 

 bers, and the other provinces proportionally 

 according to their populations at each decen- 

 nial census. On the basis of the census of 

 the Dominion taken in April, 1891, and in ac- 

 cordance with a redistribution bill passed in 

 1892, the House of Commons consists of 213 

 members 92 for Ontario, 65 for Quebec, 

 20 for Nova Scotia, 14 for New Brunswick, 7 

 for Manitoba, 6 for British Columbia, 5 for 

 Prince Edward Island, and 4 for the North- 

 West Territories. 



The members of the House of Commons 

 are elected by constituencies, the electors of 

 which are supplied by franchises under the 

 control of the several provincial assemblies, 

 an Act having been passed to that effect in the 

 session of 1898. The qualifications for vot- 

 ing at provincial elections vary in the several 

 provinces. Voting is by ballot. 



The Speaker of the House of Commons has 

 a salary of 4,000 dollars per annum, and each 

 member an allowance of 10 dollars per diem, 

 up to the end of 30 days, and for a session 

 lasting longer than this period the sum of 

 1,000 dollars, with, in every case, 10 cents per 

 mile for traveling expenses. The sum of 8 

 dollars per diem is deducted for every day's 

 absence of a member, unless the same is 

 caused by illness. There is the same allow- 

 ance for the members of the Senate of the 

 Dominion. 



Dominion Executive Officers.-. 



Governor General. 



Premier and President of Privy Council. 



Minister of Public Works. 



Minister of Customs. 



Minister of Militia and Defense. 



Minister of Agriculture. 



Minister of Finance. 



Minister of Justice. 



Minister of Marine and Fisheries. 



Minister of the Interior. 



Minister of Railways and Canals. 



Minister without Portfolio. 



Secretary of State. 



Postmaster- General. 



Rulers since 1867. 



Lord Monck, Governor General. 1867-1868. 



LordLisgar, GovernoGeneral. 1868-1872. 



Earl Dufferin, Governor General. 1872- 

 1878. 



Marquis of Lome, Governor General. 

 1878-1883. 



Marquis of Lansdowne, Governor General. 

 1883-1888. 



Baron Stanley of' Preston, Governor Gen- 

 eral. 1888-1893. 



Earl of Aberdeen, Governor General. 1893- 

 1898-. 



Earl of Minto, Governor General. 1898. 



Each of the ministers has a salary, fixed by 

 statute, of 7, 000 dollars, or 1,400/. a year, with 

 the exception of the recognized.Prime Mini3ter, 

 who has 8,000 dollars, or 1,600/. and the Min- 

 isters of Customs and Inland Revenue, who 

 have each 5,000 dollars a year. The body of 

 ministers is officially known as the " Queen's 

 Privy Council of Canada." The Governor 

 General has a salary of 10,OOOZ. per annum. 



Provincial Government. The seven provinces form- 

 ing the Dominion have each a separate Parliament and 

 administration, with a Lieutenant Governor at the head 

 of the executive. They have full powers to regulate 

 their own local affairs and dispose of their revenues, 

 provided only they do not interfere with the action and 

 policy of the central administration. The Lieutenant 

 Governors are appointed by the Governor General. 

 Quebec and Nova Scotia have each two Chambers (a 

 Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly) and a 

 responsible Ministry. In' New Brunswick, Ontario, 

 Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island 

 there is only one Chamber (the Legislative Assembly) 

 and a responsible Ministry. The members of the Legi's- 



