236 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



shals, and fled to England ; court-martialed 

 and sentenced to degradation and death, but 

 sentence was commuted to twenty years' im- 

 prisonment ; confined at the isle Sainte Mar- 

 guerite, he escaped and settled in Madrid. 



BEACOXSFIELD, Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of, 

 1804-80, Eng. statesman and novelist. 



BEATTIE, James, 1735-1803, Scot, poet and 

 philosopher. 



BEAUMONT, Francis, 1586-1615, Eng. 

 dramatic writer ; associate of John Fletcher. 



BEAUREGARD, Peter Gustavus Toutant, 

 1816 V-1893, Am. Confederate general, born 

 in Louisiana ; graduate of West Point ; served 

 in Mexico ; commanded at Fort Sumter and 

 at the first battle of Bull Run ; defeated at 

 Shiloh by Grant, 1862 ; defended Charleston, 

 1863. 



BECKET, Thomas a, 1117-70, archbishop of 

 Canterbury ; high chancellor of England ; hav- 

 ing excommunicated two bishops for comply- 

 ing with the king's will, he was assassinated 

 by four barons of the royal household ; canon- 

 ized in 1172. 



BEDE (the Venerable), 673-735, Eng. monk 

 and ecclesiastical writer. 



BEDFORD, John Plantagenet, duke of , 1390- 

 1435, Eng. general ; defeated by Joan of Arc. 



BEECHER, Henry Ward, 1813-87, Arn. 

 divine and lecturer. 



BEETHOVEN, Ludwig von, 1770-1827, Ger. 

 composer and considered the greatest of musi- 

 cians. 



BEHRING, Vitus, ,1680-1748 ?, Dan. navi- 

 gator. 



BENNETT, James Gordon, 1800-72, Scot.- 

 Am. journalist. 



BENTHAM, Jeremy, 1748-1832, Eng. jurist 

 and utilitarian philosopher. 



BENTON, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858, Am. 

 statesman; born at Hillsboro, N. C. ; re- 

 moved to Tennessee, where he studied law ; 

 commanded a regiment under General Jack- 

 son ; removed to St. Louis, where he published a 

 political paper ; elected to the U. S. Senate in 

 1820, he continued a member of that body for 

 30 years; defeated in 1850 by a division in 

 Democratic party on slavery question ; advo- 

 cacy of a gold and silver currency during his 

 second term in Senate earned for him sobri- 

 quet " Old Bullion" ; elected in 1852 to the 

 House, he opposed the repeal of the Missouri 

 Compromise ; defeated for governorship of 

 Missouri in 1856; favored Buchanan for the 

 presidency in opposition to his son-in-law, 

 Fremont. 



BERANGER, Pierre Jean de, 1780-1857, Fr. 

 lyric poet. 



BERG, Christen Paulsen, 1829- . . . ., Dan. 

 statesman. 



BERIOT, Charles Auguste de, 1802-70, Bel- 

 gian violinist and composer. 



BERKELEY, George, 1684-1753, Ir. Protes- 

 tant prelate and metaphysician ; founder of the 

 philosophy of idealism. 



BERLIOZ, Louis Hector, 1803-69, Fr. com- 

 poser. 



BERNADOTTE, Jean Baptiste Jules, 1764- 

 1844, marshal of France ; king of Sweden and 

 Norway as Carl XIV. Johan. 



BERNARD. Saint, 1091-1153, Fr. ecclesiastic, 

 canonized 1174; " the greatest of the monks ; ' ' 

 abbot at Clairvaux, refusing ecclesiastical pre- 

 ferment, but exerting great power over Europe ; 

 preacher of the second Crusade. 



BERNARDO DEL CARPIO, fl. ninth century ; 

 Sp. soldier. 



BICHAT, Marie Francois Xavier, 1771-1802, 

 Fr. physiologist ; the greatest physician of 

 modern times and founder of general anatomy. 



BIDDLE, John, 1615-62, Eng. theologian; 

 father of English Unitarians. 



BIERSTADT, Albert, 1829-82, Ger. -Am. land- 

 scape painter. 



BINNEY, Horace, 1780-1875, Am. lawyer. 



BiSMARCK-ScHONHAUSEN, Karl Otto, Prince, 

 1815-1898, Ger. statesman; chancellor of the 

 German empire ; within ten years he ' ' humbled 

 the Austrian empire, destroyed the French 

 empire, and established the German empire " ; 

 retired 1890. 



BLACK, Jeremiah Sullivan, 1810-83, Am. 

 jurist. 



BLACKSTONE, Sir William, 1723-80, Eng. 

 jurist. 



BLACKWOOD, William, 1776-1817, Scot, pub- 

 lisher. 



ELAINE, James Gillespie, 1830-93 ("the 

 Plumed Knight"); born in Pennsylvania; 

 removed to Maine, where he edited the Port- 

 land Advertiser ; served four terms in the leg- 

 islature ; in Congress from 1862 to 1876, and 

 speaker for three years ; prominent candidate 

 for the Republican nomination for the presi- 

 dency in 1876, 1880, 1892; chosen United 

 States senator in 1877, but resigned to accept 

 the secretaryship of state under Garfield ; sec- 

 retary of state under Harrison, but resigned 

 just before the Republican convention of 1892. 



BLAIR, Hugh, 1718-1800, Scot, divine and 

 rhetorician . 



BLAKE, Robert, 1599-1657, Br. admiral ; 

 founder of England's naval supremacy. 



BLANC, Jean Joseph Louis, 1813-83, Fr. 

 journalist, historian, and politician. 



BLATCHFORD, Samuel, 1820-1893, justice 

 United States Supreme Court. 



BLAVATSKY, Helena, 1831-91, theosophist. 



BLENNERHASSET, Harmon, 1770-1831, friend 

 and accomplice of Aarou Burr. 



