HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 



239 



the kings of Scotland ; defeated Edward II. 

 at Bannockburn, in 13 li. 



BKUMMEL, George Bryan (Beau Brummel) , 

 1778-1840, Kng. man of fashion. 



BRUNO, Saint, 1040V-1191, Ger. founder of 

 the Carthusians. 



BRUTUS, Lucius Junius, fl. 500 B.C., Rom. 

 patriot". 



BRUTUS, Marcus Junius, 80-36 B. C., one 

 of Caesar's assassins. 



BRYANT, William Culleii, 1794-1878, Am. 

 poet and journalist ; born in Mass. ; entered 

 Williams College, read law, admitted to the bar 

 in 1810 ; published " Thanatopsis " in 1816 ; 

 became editor of the New York Evening Post 

 in 1826. 



BUCHANAN, James, 1791-1868, fifteenth 

 president of the United States ; born in Penn- 

 sylvania ; admitted to' the bar, 1812 ; member 

 of Congress, 1821-31 ; minister to Russia, 1832- 

 4 ; U. S. senator, 1834-5 ; secretary of state, 

 1845-9 ; minister to England, 1853-6 ; signed 

 Ostend Manifesto, 1854; president, 1857-61; 

 in his last message, President Buchanan cen- 

 sured the Northern people for the imminent 

 disruption of the Union, holding that neither 

 the executive nor Congress had power to coerce 

 a state. 



BUCKLE, Henry Thomas, 1822-62, Eng. his- 

 torian. 



BUDDHA (or Boodha), Gautama, 624-523, 

 B. C., Hindoo reformer ; founder of Buddhism. 



BUFFON, Georges Louis Leclerc de, Comte, 

 1707-88, Fr. naturalist and philosopher. 



BULL, Ole Bornemanh, 1810-80, Norwegian 

 pianist and violinist. 



BULWER-LYTTON, Edward George Earle Lyt- 

 ton, Baron Lytton, 1805-73, Eng. novelist. 



BUNSEN, Christian Karl Josias von, Baron, 

 1791-1860, Ger. philologist and diplomatist. 



BUNYAN, John, 1628-88, Eng. author; the 

 son of a tinker, he followed that vocation and 

 led for many years a wandering life ; served 

 in the Parliamentary army ; joined the Ana- 

 baptists in 1654, and in 1655 became a Bap- 

 tist minister ; sentenced to transportation on a 

 charge of promoting seditious assemblies, but 

 sentence not enforced ; was, however, impris- 

 oned for more than twelve years, and during 

 that time wrote his " Pilgrim's Progress." 



BURGOYNE, John, 1730-92, Brit, general and 

 dramatist ; surrendered at Saratoga. 



BURKE, Edmund, 1730-97, Ir. orator, states- 

 man, and writer ; prominent as the ablest mem- 

 ber of the Commons to oppose the ministry's 

 American policy ; impeached Warren Hastings 

 in 1788. 



BURNS, Robert, 1759-96, Scot, lyric poet; 

 born at Ayr ; the son of a poor farmer ; 

 worked hard on his father's farm and had lit- 



tle opportunity for education ; began rhym- 

 ing at if), and studied mensuration and sur- 

 veying ; his poems brought him into society, 

 where he acquired dissipated habits ; formed 

 a liaison in 1785 with Jean Armour, whom he 

 married in 1788 ; intended to emigrate, but 

 the popularity of his poems, published in full, 

 1787, induced him to remain in Scotland ; he 

 afterward became an officer of the excise. 



BURNSIDE, Ambrose Everett, 1824-81, Am. 

 general. 



BURR, Aaron, 1756-1836, Am. states- 

 man and lawyer. In 1800 Burr and Jeffer- 

 son were the Democratic candidates for 

 president and vice-president ; receiving the 

 same number of votes, the House gave the 

 higher office to Jefferson. Burr's course in 

 endeavoring to supplant Jefferson cost him the 

 regard of his party. Unsuccessful as candi- 

 date for governor of New York in 1804, Burr 

 attributed his defeat to Alexander Hamilton, 

 whom he killed in a duel. After the expira- 

 tion of his term as vice-president, Burr was 

 tried for treason, charged with the subversion 

 of federal authority, and with raising an ex- 

 pedition for the conquest of Mexico, but acquit- 

 ted. 



BURRITT, Elihu (the Learned Blacksmith), 

 1810-79, Am. scholar, journalist, lecturer, and 

 reformer ; the son of a shoemaker, and appren- 

 ticed to a blacksmith, he devoted all of his 

 spare time to study, and eventually mastered 

 eighteen languages. 



BUSHNELL, Horace, -1802-76, Am. divine. 



BUTLER, Benjamin Franklin, 1818-93, Am. 

 politician, lawyer, and general ; born in New 

 Hampshire ; military governor of New Or- 

 leans in 1862, ruling with vigor and efficiency 

 and preserving the city from the yellow fever ; 

 went to Congress as a Republican in 1866, and 

 was re-elected for several terms ; elected gov- 

 ernor of Massachusetts in 1882 by the Demo- 

 crats, but defeated for the same office a year 

 later. 



BYRON, George Gordon .Noel, Lord, 1788- 

 1824, Eng. poet. In 1815 he married Anne 

 Isabel Millbank, but separated from her and 

 left England in 1816 ; in Italy he formed a 

 liaison with the beautiful Countess Guiccioli ; 

 espousing the cause of the Greeks in their 

 struggle for liberty, he left for Greece in 1823, 

 and died the following year at Missolonghi 

 from the effects of exposure while preparing 

 for the siege of Lepanto. 



CABOT, John, .... -1498?, Venetian navi- 

 gator in service of England ; discovered 

 North American continent 1497. 



CABOT, Sebastian, 1477?-1557, son of pre- 

 ceding ; Eng. navigator. 



