240 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



C.EDMON, . . . .-680?, Anglo-Saxon poet. 



CAESAR, Caius Julius, 100-44 B. C., the great- 

 est of Roman generals. Elected consul 60 

 B. C. ; formed a secret alliance with Pompey 

 and Crassus known as the first triumvirate. 

 It is said that during his Gallic wars a million 

 of men were slain, eight hundred cities and 

 towns captured and three hundred tribes sub- 

 dued. Pompey having become his enemy 

 through jealousy, Caesar crossed the Rubicon 

 49 B.C., and in a short time became master 

 of Italy ; having conquered all his enemies, 

 and subdued Spain and Africa, he was made 

 perpetual dictator, and received from the sen- 

 ate the title of Imperator. Although beloved 

 by the masses, the patricians feared and hated 

 him, and the result of a conspiracy of Cassius, 

 Brutus, and others was his assassination. 



CAGLIARI, Paolo (Paul Veronese), 1530?- 

 88, It. painter. 



CALDERON DE LA BARCO, Don Pedro, 

 1600-83, Sp. poet and dramatist. 



CALHOUN, John Caldwell, 1783-1850, Am. 

 statesman ; born in South Carolina ; elected 

 to Congress, 1810 ; secretary of war, 1817 ; 

 vice-president, 1825-32, resigning to enter the 

 Senate ; secretary of state, 1844 ; returned to 

 the Senate 1845 ; Calhoun was an avowed 

 champion of slavery and States' rights. 



CALIGULA, Caius Caesar, 12-41, emperor of 

 Rome ; cruel and sensual.; built a temple to 

 himself ; assassinated. 



CALVIN, John, 1509-64, Fr. theologian; 

 established Presbyterian form of church gov- 

 ernment ; the fundamental principle of his 

 theology is that of predestination to eternal 

 happiness or misery by the absolute decree of 

 God. 



CAMBYSES, 522 B. C., king of Persia; 



conqueror of Egypt. 



CAMOENS, Luis, 1517-79, Portuguese poet. 



CAMPBELL, Alexander, 1788-1866, Ir. 

 founder of the denomination of " Christians," 

 or " Disciples of Ohrist." 



CANOVA, Antonio, 1757-1822, It. sculptor. 



CANUTE II., 990-1035, king of Denmark; 

 conqueror of England. 



CAPET, Hugh, 940?-996, founder of the 

 Capetian dynasty. 



.CAREY, Henry Charles, 1793-1879, Am. 

 political economist. 



CARLYLE, Thomas, 1795-1881, Scot, essay- 

 ist, biographer, and historian. 



CARROLL, Charles, 1737-1832, Am. patriot. 



C ARTIER, Jacques, 1494-1555?, Fr. naviga- 

 tor. 



CARTWRIGHT, Edmund, 1743-1823, Eng. 

 inventor. 



CASTLEREAGH, Robert Stewart, Viscount, 

 1769-1822, second marquis of Londonderry ; 



Br. statesman, prominent in suppressing the 

 Irish rebellion of 1798 ; committed suicide. 



CASTRO, Joan de, 1500-48, Portuguese gen- 

 eral and navigator. 



CATHERINE, Saint, 1347-80, It. nun at 

 Siena ; mediator between the rival popes in 

 the great schism. 



CATHERINE I., 1682-1727, empress of Rus- 

 sia ; succeeded to the throne on death of her 

 husband, Peter the Great. 



CATHERINE OF ARAGON, 1486-1536, queen 

 of Henry VIII. of England ; divorced. 



CATHERINE DE MEDICI, 1510-89, queen of 

 Henry II. of France; opponent of the Hugue- 

 nots. 



CATILINE, Lucius Sergius, 108?-fi2 H. ('., 

 R^m. conspirator. 



CATO, Dionysius, fl. 3d century, Latin poet. 



CATO, Marcus Portius (the Elder), 234-149 

 B. C., Rom. statesman and author. 



CATO, Marcus Portius (the Younger), 95- 

 46 B. C., opponent of Caesar; famed for pur- 

 ity and nobility ; committed suicide. 



CATULLUS, Caius Valerius, 77?-45?, B. C., 

 Latin poet. 



CAVOUR, Camillo Benso di, 1818-61, first 

 prime minister of the kingdom of Italy. 



CAXTON, William, 1412?-92, Eng. scholar 

 and merchant ; introduced printing into Eng- 

 land. 



CECILIA, Saint, fl. second century, Rom. 

 martyr ; patroness of music. 



CENCI, Beatrice, 1583?-99, "the beautiful 

 parricide " ; Rom. lady famous for beauty and 

 tragic fate. 



CERVANTES SAAVEDRA, Miguel de, 1547- 

 1616, Sp. novelist. 



CESNOLA, Louis Palma di, 1832- . . . ., 

 born in Italy ; colonel in United States army 

 during the civil war ; appointed 1865 consul to 

 Cyprus, and became famous for his excava- 

 tions in that island. 



CHALMERS, Thomas, 1780-1847, Scot, di- 

 vine. 



CHAMISSO, Adelbert von, 1781-1838, (ier. 

 traveler. 



CHAMPOLLION, Jean Francois, 1791-1832, 

 Fr. Egyptologist. 



CHANNING, William Ellery, 1780-1842, Am. 

 divine. 



CHARLEMAGNE (Charles the Great, or 

 Charles I.), 742-814, emperor of Germany and 

 founder of the kingdom of the Franks (now 

 France) ; crowned emperor of the west, with 

 the title of Caesar Augustus, by Pope Leo III., 

 800 ; the most powerful and enlightened mon- 

 arch of his time ; his empire extended from 

 the Elbe to the Ebro, and from Calabria to 

 Hungary ; first of the Carlovingian dynasty. 



CHARLES II. (the Bald Charles II. of 



