HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 



241 



CREASY, Sir Edward Shepherd, 1812-78, 

 Eng. historian. 



CRICHTON, James (the Admirable Crichton), 

 1560-83, Scot, prodigy ; stabbed by his pupil, 

 a son of the Duke of Mantua. 



CRITTENDEN, John Jordan, 1787-1863, Am. 

 statesman. 



CROCKETT, David, 1786-1836, Am. back- 

 woodsman. 



CR<ESUS, 590-46 B. C., king of Lydia ; fa- 

 mous for wealth. 



CROMWELL, Oliver, 1599-1659, Eng. gen- 

 eral and leader of the political and religious 

 revolution in England ; entered the Parlia- 

 mentary army, in 1642, as captain of cavalry ; 

 rapidly promoted, and led left wing at Marston 

 Moor, 1644 ; commanded right wing at Naseby, 

 1645, and became leader of the independents ; 

 transferred the custody of the king from Par- 

 liament to the army, 1647 ; won the battle of 

 Preston, 1648 ; signed the death warrant of 

 Charles I., 1649 ; made commander-in-chief, 

 1650, and defeated the Scotch at Dunbar and 

 Charles at Worcester; dissolved Parliament in 

 1653, and was, in 1654, proclaimed by the 

 army lord protector of the commonwealth. 



CUMBERLAND, William Augustus, Duke of, 

 1721-65, conqueror at Culloden. 



CURTIS, George William, 1824-92, Am. 

 author and editor. 



GUSHING, Caleb, 1800-79, Am. lawyer and 

 statesman . 



CUSHMAN, Charlotte Sanders, 1816-76, 

 Am. actress. 



CUSTER, George A., 1839-76, Am. general; 

 killed by the Sioux. 



CUVIER, Georges C. L. F., Baron, 1769- 

 1832, Fr. naturalist; the greatest of zoologists 

 and founder of comparative anatomy. 



CYRUS (the Great, or the Polder), . . . . 

 -529 B. C., king of Persia ; conquered Babylon. 



CYRUS (the Younger), . . . .-401 B. C., 

 hero of Xenophon's "Anabasis." 



DAGUERRE,LOIUS Jacques Mand6, 1789-1851, 

 Fr. artist ; inventor of the daguerreotype. 



DALTON, John, 1766-1844, Eng. chemical 

 philosopher. 



DANA, Charles Anderson, 1819-1898, Am. 

 journalist. 



DANDOLO, Enrico, 1105-1205, blind doge of 

 Venice. 



DANE, Nathan, 1752-1835, Am. lawyer and 

 statesman. 



DANIEL, fl. sixth century B. C., Hebrew 

 prince and prophet. 



DANTE ALLIGHIERI, 1265-1321, the great- 

 est poet of Italy ; " the Christian Homer." 



DANTON, George Jacques, 1759-94, a leader 

 of the French revolution ; guillotined. 



D'ARBLAY, Mme. Frances (Burney), 1752- 

 1840, Eng. novelist. 



DARIUS I. (Darius Hystaspis), . . . .-435 B. 

 C., king of Persia; II., . . . .-405 B. C. ; III. 

 (Codomanus), . . . .-330 B. C., defeated by 

 Alexander. 



DARLEY, Felix O. C., 1822-88, Am. artist. 



DARWIN, Charles Robert, 1809-82, Eng. 

 naturalist ; originator of the theory of evolu- 

 tion ; in his ' ' Origin of Species by Means of 

 Natural Selection," published 1859, he pro- 

 pounds the theory that all forms of life have 

 been produced by a series of gradual changes 

 in natural descent ; in his " Descent of Man," 

 he infers that "man is descended from a 

 hairy quadruped furnished with a tail and 

 pointed ears, probably arboreal in its habits." 



DARWIN, Erasmus, 1731-1802, Eng. physi- 

 cian and poet. 



D'AUBIGNE, Jean Henri Merle, 1794-1872, 

 Swiss historian. 



DAVID, 1090-15 B. C., king of Israel. 



DAVIS, Jefferson, 1808-89, Am. statesman 

 and president of the Confederacy ; born in 

 Kentucky ; graduate of West Point ; served in 

 Black Hawk and Mexican wars ; elected to 

 U. S. Senate from Mississippi, 1847 ; secretary 

 of war, 1853-7 ; re-elected senator, 1857 ; 

 inaugurated provisional president of the Con- 

 federate States, 1861, and elected for six years, 

 1862 ; imprisoned in Fortress Monroe for two 

 years after the fall of Richmond. 



DAVY, Sir Humphrey, 1778-1829, Eng. 

 chemist, inventor of the safety lamp. 



DECATUR, Stephen, 1779-1820, Am. naval 

 commander ; defeated the Algerines ; killed in 

 a duel. 



DE FOE (or DEFOE), Daniel, 1661-1731, 

 Eng. novelist. 



DE KALB, John, Baron, 1732-80, Ger. 

 general ; accompanied Lafayette to America, 

 and served under Washington ; killed at bat- 

 tle of Camden. 



DE HAAS, Maurice F. II., 1830?-1895, 

 Dutch marine painter. 



DEL SARTO, Andrea Vanucchi, 1486-1531, 

 Florentine painter. 



DEMOCRITUS, 460-361 B. C., " the laugh- 

 ing philosopher of Greece." 



DEMOSTHENES, 385?-332 B. C., Athenian 

 orator ; conquered an impediment in his 

 speech, and by perseverance and determination 

 became the greatest of orators ; opposed Philip 

 of Macedon, against whom he delivered his 

 Philippics ; condemned to death by Antipater, 

 he committed suicide by poison. 



DE QUINCEY, Thomas, 1785-1859, Eng. 

 author ; his " Confessions of an Opium-Eater, ' ' 

 an autobiography, published in 1821, created 

 a great sensation. 



