252 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



HUGHES, Thomas, 1823-1896, Eng. author 

 and barrister. 



HUGO, Victor Marie, Vicomte, 1802-85, Fr. 

 poet, novelist, and dramatist. 



HUMBOLDT, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander 

 von, Baron, 1769-1859, Ger. scientist. 



HUME, David, 1711-76, Scot, historian and 

 skeptic philosopher. 



HUNT, James Henry Leigh, 1784-1859, 

 Eng. poet and author. 



HUNT, William Henry, 1790-1864, Eng. 

 painter in water colors. 



Huss, John, 1373-1415, Bohemian re- 

 former ; burned at the stake. 



HUXLEY, Thomas Henry, 1825-95, Eng. 

 scientist. 



HYPATIA, fl. 500, female philosopher at 

 Alexandria. 



IBERVILLE, Pierre le Moyne d', Sieur, 1661- 

 1706, Canadian military and naval commander. 



INGRKS, Jean A. D., 1781-1867, Fr. painter. 



INMAN, Henry, 1801-46, Am. portrait 

 painter. 



INNOCENT I., pope, ruling 402-17 ; during 

 his reign Rome was sacked by Alaric. 



INNOCENT III., (Lotharius), born in 1161, 

 and chosen pope 1198; put France under the 

 ban, 1190, because Philip Augustus repudiated 

 his wife ; promoted the fourth crusade, the 

 result of which was the capture of Constanti- 

 nople ; deposed Othp, emperor of Germany, 

 transferring the crown to Frederick of Sicily ; 

 subjected John of .England to the papal see, 

 compelling him to pay an annual tribute ; 

 crushed the Albigenses in 1214, and died two 

 years later. 



IKEN^US, Saint, 140?-202?, bishop of 

 Lyons, martyr. 



IRVING, Washington, 1783-1859, Am. au- 

 thor ; the purest prose writer and humorist of 

 America ; born in New York city. 



ISABELLA I. (the Catholic), 1451-1504, 

 queen of Castile ; wife of Ferdinand of Ara- 

 gon : patroness of Columbus. 



ISABELLE OF FRANCE, 1292-1358, queen of 

 England, wife of Edward II., whom her ad- 

 herents deposed, and with whose assassination 

 she is charged ; her son Edward III., ascended 

 the throne and ordered her arrest, and she died 

 after twenty years' incarceration. 



ISAIAH, fl. 740 B. C., Hebrew prophet. 



ITURBIDE, Don Augustin de, 1790-1824, 

 emperor of Mexico. 



IVAN III. (Vasilievitch), 1438-1505, czar of 

 Russia ; IV. (Vasilievitch, the Terrible), 

 1529-84. 



JACKSON, Andrew, 1767-1845, seventh pres- 

 ident; boru in. South Carolina; son of an 



Irishman ; received but little education ; served 

 against the British in 1781 ; began the prac- 

 tice of law at Nashville, 1788 ; Congress, 1796 ; 

 U. S. Senate 1797 ; judge Tennessee Supreme 

 Court, 1798-1804 ; fought several duds, killing 

 Chas. Dickinson in 180(5 ; defeated the ( ivrk 

 Indians, 1814, and was commissioned l.riga- 

 dier-general ; defeated the Brit ish at Xew Or- 

 leans, 1815 ; successfully carried on war against 

 the Seminoles, 1817-18; Senate, 1*23, and 

 nominated for the presidency, the opposing 

 candidates being Clay, J. Q. Adams, and W. II. 

 Crawford; .Jackson had the highest number of 

 votes, but not a majority, and Adams was 

 elected by the House of Representivea : -lack- 

 son was elected to the presidency. ho\v\vr. 

 in 1828 ; he was the first president to remove 

 public officers on account of their politics : re- 

 elected in 1832; in that year, the convention 

 of South Carolina having declared the tariff 

 laws of 1828 null and void, Jackson issued a 

 proclamation declaring his intention to check 

 by force of arms all movements tending to 

 disunion. 



JACKSON, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall). 

 1824-63, Confederate general, native of Vir- 

 ginia ; defeated General Banks at Cedar Moun- 

 tain, and captured Harper's Ferry with III.OUH 

 prisoners, 1862; killed by a company of his 

 own men, mistaking him and his stalT for 

 Federal cavalry. 



JACQUARD, Joseph Marie, 1752-1*:!!, Fr. 

 inventor. 



JAMBLICHUS, fl. 320, Syrian Nee-Platonic 

 philosopher. 



JAMES I., 1566-1625, king of England 

 (VI. of Scotland) ; executed Raleigh ; a trans- 

 lation of the Bible was made under his direc- 

 tion. 



JAMES IV.. 1173-1513, defeated and slain 

 at Flodden. 



JANSEN, Cornells, 1585-1638. Dutch theo- 

 logian ; founder of the Jansenists. 



JANUARIUS, Saint, 272-305, patron saint of 

 Naples. 



JAY, John, 174.">-1,S2!. Am. statesman : first 

 chief justice. 



JEANNE i>' AJ.HKET, 1528-72,' queen of 

 Navarre. 



JEFFKKSOX, Thomas, 1743-1826, Am. states- 

 man ; third president ; born in Virginia ; ad- 

 mitted to the bar, 1767 ; elected to Virginia 

 House of Burgesses, 1769; Continental Con- 

 gress, 1775 ; drafted t lie Declaration of Inde- 

 pendence ; governor of Virginia, 1779-81 ; 

 minister plenipotentiary, 1784, to negotiate 

 treaties with European powers ; minister at 

 Paris, 1785-9; secretary of state, 1789-93; 

 elected vice-president, 1796, and president in 

 1800, holding that office from 1801 to 1809. 





