HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 



256 



LEUTZE, Emanuel, 1816-68, Ger. historical 

 painter. 



LEVER, Charles James, 1806-72, Ir. novel- 

 ist. 



LEWES, George Henry, 1817-78, Eng. au- 

 thor; husband of " George Eliot." 



LEYI>EN, Lucas van, 1494-1533, Dutch 

 painter. 



LIEBIG, Justus von, Baron, 1803-73, Ger. 

 chemist. 



LINCOLN, Abraham, 1809-65, sixteenth 

 president of the United States ; " with malice 

 toward none, with charity to all;" born in 

 Kentucky ; removed to Indiana when eight 

 years old ; captain in the Black Hawk war, 

 1832 ; elected to the Illinois legislature, 1834 ; 

 admitted to the bar, 1836, and removed to 

 Springfield, 111. ; elected to Congress in 1846 ; 

 Republican candidate for U. S. senator in 

 1854, his opponent being Stephen A. Douglas ; 

 nominated for the presidency and elected, 

 1860; re-elected, 1864, but assassinated April 

 14, 1865, by John Wilkes Booth ; his death 

 was universally deplored, for his wise admin- 

 istration of affairs during the civil war had 

 won for him the regard of both factions of the 

 bloody controversy. 



LIND, Jenny (Mrs. Goldschmidt), 1821-87, 

 Sw. vocalist. 



LINNAEUS, Charles, 1707-78, Sw. botanist, 

 and greatest naturalist of modern times. 



LIPPI, Filippo, 1412-69, It. painter. 



LISZT, Franz, Abbe, 1811-85, Hungarian 

 pianist. 



LITTLETON (or Lyttleton), Sir Thomas, 

 14207-81, Eng. jurist. 



LIVINGSTON, Edward, 1764-1836, Am. ju- 

 rist. 



LIVINGSTONE, David, 1817-73, Scot, ex- 

 plorer in Africa. 



LIVY (Titus Livius), 59 B. C.-17 A. D., 

 Rom. historian. 



LOCKE, John, 1632-1704, Eng. philosopher, 

 founded the sensational school of philosophy, 

 claiming that all knowledge comes through 

 the senses. 



LOGAN, John Alexander, 1826-87, Am. 

 general and statesman. 



LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-82, 

 Am. poet. 



LONGINUS, fl. third century, Gr. philosopher. 



Louis I. (le Debonnair), 778-840, emperor 

 of the West and king of France; divided the 

 empire among his sons ; VI. (the Fat), 1078 V- 

 1137, king of France; IX. (Saint), 1215-70, 

 led a large army against the Saracens in 1248 ; 

 defeated and taken prisoner in Egypt, but 

 effected his ransom ; led another crusade in 

 1270, but died the same year near Tunis ; a 

 wise ruler, and noted for many virtues. 



Louis PHILIPPE, 1773-1850, " the citizen 

 king " of France ; abdicated, 1848. 



Louvois, Francois Michel Letellier de, Mar- 

 quis, 1641-91, Fr. statesman ; caused revoca- 

 tion of the edict of Nantes. 



LOVER, Samuel, 1797-1868, Ir. novelist. 



LOWELL, James Russell, 1818-91, Am. poet 

 and critic. 



LOYOLA, Ignatius de (Saint Ignatius), 1491- 

 1566, Spanish founder of the Society of Jesus, 

 or Jesuits ; entered the army at an early age ; 

 crippled by a wound in 1520, he turned his 

 attention to religion ; made a pilgrimage to 

 Jerusalem in 1523, and subsequently studied 

 at the University of Paris, where he met Fran- 

 cis Xavier and James Lainez, in conjunction 

 with whom, in 1543, he formed the society 

 which has since become so celebrated. 



LUCANUS, Marcus Annseus, 38-65, Rom. 

 epic poet. 



LUCIAN. 120 ?-...., Gr. satirist. 



LUCILIUS, Caius, 148 ?-100? B. C., Rom. 

 satiric poet. 



LUCRETIUS (Titus Lucretius Carus), 95- 

 . . . . B. C., Latin poet ; greatest didactic 

 poet and most profound of Latin authors. 



LUTHER, Martin, 1483-1546, leader of the 

 Protestant Reformation ; born at Eisleben, 

 Germany, the son of a miner; educated at 

 the University of Erfurt, and in 1505 entered 

 the Augustine convent at that place ; ordained 

 a priest, 1507 ; became professor of philoso- 

 phy at Wittenberg, 1508 ; visited Rome, 1510 ; 

 denounced the sale of indulgences, 1517 : and 

 became involved in numerous controversies ; 

 cited to appear before Leo X., he refused to 

 comply ; burned the papal bull containing an 

 order to destroy certain of his works, and de- 

 nied the authority of the pope ; excommuni- 

 cated ; enjoyed the support of the elector of 

 Saxony ; attended the Diet of Worms, con- 

 vened for his trial, in 1521 ; laid aside his 

 monastic dress in 1524, and married Cathe- 

 rine von Bora, an ex-nun, in 1525 ; enjoyed, 

 during > the latter part of his life, the greatest 

 distinction from the princes of Germany. 

 Luther completed, in 1522, his translation of 

 the New Testament, and in 1 534 that of the 

 Old Testament ; the central point of .his theol- 

 ogy is justification by faith. 



LUXEMBOURG, Francois Henri de Montmo- 

 renci de, 16:28-95, marshal of France. 



LYCURGUS, fl. 850 B. C., Spartan law- 

 giver. 



LYELL, Sir George, 1797-1875, Scot, geolo- 

 gist. 



MACAULAY, Thomas Babington, Baron, 

 1800-59, Eng. critic, poet, and essayist. 



MACBETH, . . . .-1056 ?, king of Scotland. 



