256 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



MACCHIAVELLI, Nicolo di Bernardo dei, 

 1469-1527, It. statesman and author. 



MCCLELLAN, George Brinton, 1826-85, Am. 

 general; born in Philadelphia; served in the 

 Mexican war. Became commander of the 

 armies of the United States, 1861 ; defeated in 

 Peninsular campaign, was superseded but re- 

 called to command and defeated Lee at Antie- 

 tam ; soon relieved of command; was defeated 

 for the presidency 1864; retired to private life. 



McCoKMiCK, Cyrus Hall, 1809-84, Am. 

 inventor of reaping machine. 



McCosH, James, 1811-1894, Scot, theolo- 

 gian in America. 



MACDONALD, Sir John A., 1814-91, Cana- 

 dian premier. 



McDowELL, Irvin, 1818-85, Am. general. 



MACKENZIE, Morrell, Sir, 1837-92, Eng. 

 physician. 



McKiNLEY, William, 25th president of the 

 United States ; born in Ohio, Jan. 29, 1843. 

 He enlisted as a private in the 23d Ohio Vol- 

 unteer Infantry when but 18 years of age. 

 Passed rapidly to captain and was brevetted 

 major when only 22 years of age for gallantry 

 on the field of battle. Later he studied law, 

 was admitted to the bar in 1867, elected mem- 

 ber of Congress 1876-91. He was elected gov- 

 ernor of Ohio in 1891 and re-elected in 1893. 

 Elected president in 1896 by 603,854 popular 

 plurality; re-elected in 1900 by 849,455. As 

 president he proved unusually able and enjoyed 

 in a remarkable degree .the confidence of the 

 people. Shot by Leon Czolgosz at Buffalo, 

 Sept. 6, 1901, and died Sept. 14, 1901. 



"Let us ever remember that our interest is 

 in concord, not in conflict ; that our real em- 

 inence rests in the victories of peace not those 

 of war." (Buffalo speech.) 



MACMAHON, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice 

 de, Due de Magenta, 1808-93, marshal of 

 France and president of the Fr. republic. 



MACREADY, William Charles, 1793-1873, 

 Eng. tragedian. 



MADISON, James, 1751-1836, 4th president 

 of the United States ; born in Virginia ; member 

 of the Virginia legislature and delegate to the 

 convention of 1787 ; joint author with Jay and 

 Hamilton of the Federalist; Congress, 1789-97; 

 secretary of state, 1801-9; president, 1809-17. 



MAGELLAN, Fernando, 1470-1521, Port, 

 navigator. 



MAHMOOD, Abool-Kasim-Yemeen-ed-Dow- 

 lah, 967-1030, Mohammedan conqueror. 



MAINTENON, Franchise d'Aubigne 1 de, Mar- 

 quise, 1635-1719, consort of Louis XIV. 



MALIBRAN, Marie Felicita (rule Garcia), 

 1808-36, Fr. vocalist and actress. 



MAI/THUS, Thomas Robert, 1766-1834, 

 Eng. writer on political economy. 



MANNING, Henry Edward, 1808-92, Eng. 

 Catholic prelate and author ; imited with the 

 Roman Catholic church in 1851 ; archbishop 

 of Westminster, 1865 ; cardinal, 1877. 



M \N*TEUFFEL, Edwin Hans Carl von, 

 Baron, 1800-83, Prussian field-marshal. 



MARAT, Jean Paul, 1744-93, Fr. Jacobin 

 demagogue, assassinated by Charlotte Corday. 



MARCELLUS, Marcus Claudius, 268V-208 

 B. C., Rom. consul. 



MARGARET (Semiramis of the North), 

 1353-1412, queen of Norway* Sweden, and 

 Denmark. 



MARGARET OF ANJOU, 1429-82, queen of 

 Henry VI. of England. 



MARGARET OK ANGOULEME, 1492-1549, 

 queen of Navarre and author. 



MARGARET OF AUSTRIA, 1480-1530, re- 

 gent of the Netherlands. 



MARGARET OF VALOIS, 1553-1615, queen 

 of France. 



MARIA DE' MEDICI, 1573-1642, queen of 

 France. 



MARIA LOUISA, 1791-1847, empress of 

 France. 



MARIA THERESA, 1717-80, empress of 

 Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia. 



MA HIE ANTOINETTE, 1755-93. wife of Louis 

 XVI. of France ; guillotined. 



'MARION, Francis, 1732-95, Am. Revolution- 

 ary general. 



MARIUS, Cains, 157-86 B. C., Rom. general 

 and consul. 



MARLBOROUGH, John Churchill, Duke of. 

 1650-1722, Eng. commander; commanded the 

 English forces in the Netherlands, 1689 ; com- 

 manded in Ireland, 1690 ; accused of treason, 

 deposed and confined in the Tower, 1692 ; re- 

 instated, 1696 ; commanded the allied armies 

 in Holland, 1702; won the battle of Blenheim, 

 1704 ; Ramilles, 1706 ; Oudenarde, 1708 ; 

 Malplaquet, 1709. 



MARLOWE, Christopher, 1564-93, Eng. 

 dramatist. 



MARQUETTE, Jacques, 1637-75, Fr. mis- 

 sionary and discoverer ; explored the Missis- 

 sippi. 



MARSHALL, John, 1755-1835, Am. jurist 

 and statesman ; chief justice of the United 

 States. 



MARTEL, Charles, Duke of Austrasia (the 

 Hammer), 694-741, conquered the Saracens in 

 the great battle of Tours, or Poictiers, 732. 



MARTINEAU, Harriet, 1802-76, Eng. writer. 

 MARX, Karl, 1818-83, Ger. socialist. 



MARY I. (bloody Mary), 1516-58, queen of 

 England ; married Philip II. of Spain ; per- 

 secuted the Protestants. 



MARY STUART, 1542-87, queen of Scots; 

 daughter of James V. and Mary of Guise; 



