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THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



JUSTICES OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. 



(Names of the Chief Justices in Italics.) 



SOME FAMOUS NAVAL, BATTLES. 



From the naval battle of Salamis to the great sea fight 

 at Manila is a "far cry," B. C. 480 to A. D. 1898, more 

 than 2,000 years. Salamis was the first great recorded 

 battle of the world. Salamis drove the Persians from 

 Greek soil ; Manila drives Spain from Asiatic waters. 

 The loss of life at Salamis has been variously estimated 

 at from 5,000 to 50,000 ; at Manila from 400 to 2,000. Tri- 

 remes were at Salamis, and shield and sword and brute 

 numbers; at Manila the hell of monster guns and iron- 

 clads, the scream of shell,' and the carnage of high ex- 

 plosives. Salamis was fought in the youth of nations ; 

 Manila in the dawn of the greatness of the American 

 people, the night of Spain. One notable parallel to 

 Manila is found in the battle of the Nile, fought August 

 1,1798 Lord Nelson and the English fleet against Ad- 

 miral Brueys and the French fleet. Nine French line- 

 of-battle ships were taken, two burned, and two 

 escaped. The French L'Orient, with Brueys and 1,000 

 men on board, blew up, and only seventy or eighty 

 escaped. Nelson's cry for this engagement was: 

 ".Victory or Westminster Abbey!" Other famous sea 

 contests of the world are : 



Winchelsea English defeat 40 Spanish vessels and 

 capture 36, August 29, 1350. 



Harfleur English capture or destroy 500 French ves- 

 sels, August 15, 1416. 



Gibraltar Bay Dutch defeat the Spanish, April 25, 

 1607. 



Dover Strait Dutch destroy the English fleet, Novem- 

 ber 29, 1652. 



Portsmouth English defeat the Dutch and destroy 

 11 men-of-war and 36 merchantmen, February 18, 1653. 



North Foreland 100 English and Dutch men-of-war 

 engaged ; 11 Dutch taken and 6 sunk, June 2, 1683. 



Coast of Holland English sink 30 Dutch men-of-war, 

 July 31, 1653. 



Santa Cruz Spanish fleet burned by the English, 

 April 20, 1627. 



Harwich Dutch lose 18 ships to the English, June 3, 

 1605. 



Thames Dutch lose to English 24 men-of-war, 4 ad- 

 mirals killed, and 4,000 seamen, July 25, 1666. 



Messina Spanish fleet, 29 vessels, destroyed by Eng- 

 lish, July 11, 1718. 



Gibraltar English defeated combined fleets of Spain 

 and France, September 13, 1782. 



Trafalgar Nelson sunk 10 French and Spanish vessels 

 after fighting with 27 ships, 33 of the combined fleet ; 

 Nelson killed, October 21, 1805. 



Navarino The fleets of England, France, and Russia 

 destroy 30 Turkish men-of-war, October 20, 1827. 



Most notable of American naval battles preceding 

 Manila are the following : 



Coast of Scotland Paul Jones captures the Serapis 

 and Scarborough, 70 guns, September 23, 1779. 



Off St. Kitts The Constellation, 26 guns, captures the 

 French L'Insurgent, 40 guns, February 9, 1799. 



Coast of United States Constitution, 44 guns, sinks 

 the Guerriere, 38 guns, in 30 minutes, August 19, 1812. 



Madeira United States, 44 guns, captures the Mace- 

 donian, 40 guns, October 25, 1812. 



Brazil Constitution captures the Java, Dec. 29, 1812. 



Demerara River Hornet captures the Peacock, Feb- 

 ruary 24, 1813. 



Lake Erie Perry, with 54 guns, defeats English fleet 

 with 63 guns, September 10, 1813. 



Lake Champlain McDonough, with 86 guns, defeats 

 English fleet with 96 guns, September 11, 1814. 



Manila Bay Rear Admiral Dewey, with she ships : 

 the Olympia (flagship), Boston, Baltimore, Petrel, Ra- 

 leigh, and Concord, destroyed Spain's Asiatic Squad- 

 ron, 13 vessels, under Admiral Montejo: Isla de Cuba, 

 Isla de Luzon, Castilla, Don Antonio de Ulloa, Don Juan 

 de Austria, Reina Cristina, Callao, El Cano, El Correo, 

 General Lezo, Hercules, Marques del Duero, Rapido; 

 also the navy yard and nine batteries. American loss, 

 eight wounded and about $5,000 damage to ships. Span- 

 ish loss, about 1,200 killed or woundeu and some $6,000,- 

 000 in vessels destroyed or captured. May 1, 1898. 



Santiago de Cuba Cervera's squadron of six vessels : 

 the Vizcaya.Almirante Oquendo, Maria Teresa, Cristo- 

 bal Colon, Furor, and Pluton, made a bold dash to 

 escape from the harbor, and was destroyed by Samp- 

 son's fleet: The Oregon, Iowa, Indiana, 'Texas, Brook- 

 lyn, Gloucester, and Vixen. American loss : 1 killed, 2 

 wounded. Spanish loss : 360 killed, 165 wounded, 1,650 

 taken prisoners. July 3, 1898. 



At Santiago de Cuba the armies and navies were both 

 engaged. Army losses: United States, 800 killed, 1,000 

 wounded ; Spain, 2,000 killed, 1.500 wounded, 1,650 taken 

 prisoners. Total army and navy losses : United States, 

 801 killed, 1,002 wounded. Spain, 2,360 killed, 1,665 

 wounded, 3,300 taken prisoners. 



In all her naval conflicts with England, France, Spain, 

 and the Tripoli pirates, the United States has never sus- 

 tained what would be considered a crushing defeat. 

 She has lost individual vessels, but only after the most 

 desperate resistance, giving proof of the saying that 

 " Americans do not fight to save their skins." 



