830 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



1346 ; first used in England at the Siege of 

 Berwick, 1405 ; first cast in England, 1554. 



Handkerchiefs were first manufactured at 

 Paisley, in Scotland, in 1743. 



Homoeopathy was introduced into the United 

 States in 1825. 



Horseshoes. Although the ancients pro- 

 tected the hoofs of their horses with some cov- 

 ering, horseshoes, of the kind now known, 

 were not in general use until the ninth cen- 

 tury. 



Hydrometer. The oldest mention of this 

 instrument belongs to the fifth century, but its 

 invention has been attributed to Archimedes. 



Lace. The knitting of lace is a German 

 invention, first known about the middle of the 

 sixteenth century. 



Life-Boats, invented by Greathead, who re- 

 ceived a premium from Parliament in May, 

 1802. 



Lightning-Rods were first used by Benjamin 

 Franklin about 1752. 



Linen, first made in England by Flemish 

 weavers, 1253 ; staining of linen first known 

 in England, 1579 ; linen trade in Ireland, be- 

 gan by Lord Wentworth, 1634 ; British Linen 

 Company erected, 1746. 



Lithography, discovered, 1808; introduced 

 into England, 1817 ; into the United States, 

 1828. 



Magnifyiny-Glassesfiicsi made in England by 

 Roger Bacon, 1260. 



Marble Paper. A German invention belong- 

 ing to the seventeenth century. 



Microscopes, first used in Germany in 1621. 

 Improved by Torricelli in 1624. 



Organs, first introduced into churches by 

 Pope Vitalian I., 683; into the western 

 churches, 826. 



Parchment, invented by King Attalus, of 

 Pergamus, 887 B. C. 



Paving with Stones, first introduced at Paris 

 in 1186. 



Post Office, first established between Vienna 

 and Brussels in 1516. Posts established regu- 

 larly between London and all the principal 

 towns throughout England in 1635. Postage 

 stamps were introduced in England in 1840 ; 

 in the United States in 1847. 



Ribbon Looms. It has been asserted that 

 these looms were first known to the Swiss, but 

 others claim their invention for a German in 

 the town of Dantzic in the sixteenth century. 



Ruling Machines, invented by a Dutchman in 

 London in 1792. 



Sewing Machine, first patented in England, 

 in 1755. The first complete machine was con- 

 structed by an American, Elias Howe, in 1846. 



Sextant, invented by Tycho Brahe, at Augs- 

 burg, in }55Q, 



Silk, Raw, first made by people of China, 

 called Sers, B. C. 150; first introduced from 

 India, 374 ; a pound at this time was worth a 

 pound of gold ; manufacture of, introduced 

 into Europe from India by some monks, .">o 1 : 

 first worn in dress, 1455 ; first silk manufac- 

 tured in France, 1521. 



Sleeping Cars were first used in 1858. Pull- 

 man's patent dates from 1864. 



Speaking Trumpets, invented by Kircher, a 

 Jesuit, in 1652. 



Stirrups, according to a statement made by 

 the Emperor Mauritius, were first used in the 

 sixth century. Hippocrates and Galen speak 

 of a disease which, in their time, was occa- 

 sioned by long and frequent riding, because 

 the legs hung down without any support. 



Sun-dials, invented 558 B. C. The first in 

 Rome, 308 B.C., was that erected by Papirius 

 Cursor, when time was divided into hours. 



Tanning Leather, a new and more expe- 

 ditious method than that previously in use was 

 invented in 1795. 



Tapestry, invented by Sir Francis Train, 

 1255 ; the first manufactured in England, 1620. 



Tin Mines, first discovered in Germany, 

 1240 ; till then those in England were the 

 only ones in Europe. 



Ventilators, first introduced by the Rev. Dr. 

 Hales in 1740. 



I "inlins of the modern kind invented about 

 1477. Introduced into England by Charles II. 



Wall Papers, first used in Spain and Holland 

 in 1555. Flock or velvet wall papers were 

 first used in 1620. 



Watches, supposed to have been invented by 

 Peter Hale at Nuremberg, 1490 ; though Rob- 

 ert, king of Scotland, had one about 1310 ; first 

 used in the astronomical observations by Pur- 

 bach, 1500 ; spring watches invented by Hooke, 

 1658. Repeaters invented, 1676. 



Water Miffs for grinding corn are said to 

 have been invented by Belisarius when Rome 

 was besieged by the Goths in 555. Pliny, 

 however, mentions wheels turned by water. 



Weathercocks. The earliest mention of a 

 weathercock is that made by Vitruvius, concern- 

 ing that on the tower built at Athens by An- 

 dronicus Cyrrhestes. 



Weights and Measures, invented by Phidon, 

 Tyrant of Argos, B. C. 864 ; fixed in England, 

 A. D. 1257 ; equalized, 1825 ; weights origi- 

 nally taken from grain of wheat, the lowest of 

 which is called a grain, ' 



Windows of some kind were glazed as early 

 as the third century ; the fashion was intro- 

 duced into England aboiit 680, but did not 

 become general until 1180. 



Wine, the art of making, brought from 

 India by Bacchus ; none produced in France in 



