378 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



The temperature is normally one degree 

 higher under the tongue than in the axilla. It 

 is highest upon awakening in the morning ; 

 lowest at midnight. 



A rise of one degree in temperature usually 

 marks an increase of the pulse from six to ten 

 beats a minute. 



Continued temperature above 98.50 indi- 

 cates prostration and illness; 101 to 105, 

 severe fever; 105 to 108, danger; 108 to 

 109, impending death. 



A temperature of 105 or 106 on the first 

 day of illness, is prima facie evidence of epheme- 

 ral fever ; it is not typhoid or typhus, but 

 probably malarious. 



Though the typical evidences of pneumonia 

 are present, if the thermometer fails to reach 

 101.70, it may be concluded no soft infiltration 

 of lungs is present. 



High temperature after the eruption of 

 measles has faded, indicates complications. 

 An evening typhoid temperature of 103.5 in- 

 dicates a mild course of fever; 105 in the 

 evening or 104 in the morning, in the third 

 week, indicates danger. A temperature of 

 104 and upwards, in pneumonia, indicates a 

 severe attack. A temperature of 104 is 

 always alarming in acute rheumatism ; look 

 for cardiac complications. Tn jaundice a rise 

 of temperature is unfavorable. A rise of tem- 

 perature in a puerperal female indicates the 

 approach of pelvic inflammation. An increase 

 of temperature in tuberculosis shows an ad- 

 vance of the disease, or rise of complications. 



Daily fluctuations of temperature are asso- 

 ciated with malarial fever, typhus, typhoid, 

 exanthemata, rheumatism, pyaemia, pneu- 

 monia, and acute tuberculosis. An even tem- 

 perature from morning until evening is 

 favorable. A high temperature from evening 

 until morning is unfavorable. A falling tem- 

 perature from evening until morning is favor- 

 able. A rising temperature from evening until 

 morning is dangerous. The temperature of 

 the body must be normal before* convalescence 

 begins. 



Respiration. 



Two months to two years 35 per minute 



Two to six years 23 



Six to twelve years 20 " 



Twelve to fifteen years 18 " 



Fifteen to twenty-one years 16 to 18 " 



Respiration and pulsation in the adult female 

 is usually a trifle faster than in the male, 

 especially during pregnancy. 



ALE. 



This a liquor manufactured from malt, 

 which is iisually produced from the parched 

 grain of germinating barley by a process of 

 great antiquity called brewing. It can, how- 



ever, be made from the dried germinating 

 grain of wheat and other cereals ; any sub- 

 stance containing sugar being capable of yield- 

 ing a wort or solution which may be fermented 

 or converted into ale or beer. In several of the 

 English pale ales the proportion of alcohol is 

 as high as 10 per cent., and the average is from 

 5 to 7 per cent. So that a pint of good ale 

 contains the same amount of alcohol as a bot- 

 of claret. These ales, with those of Scotland, 

 are largely imported, and are generally much 

 superior to the American product. Burton 

 ale, so called from the place where it is made, 

 is one of the strongest and most intoxicating. 

 It is of a somewhat thick, glutinous consist- 

 ence, and sweetish to the taste ; a small quan- 

 tity of it produces intoxication in those who 

 are not accustomed to it. The best English 

 ales are Bass and Allsopp's. Scotch ale, espe- 

 cially the Edinburgh brands, has a pale flavor, 

 extremely vinous and very like some of the 

 light French wines. It is mild in its effect, 

 pale in color, and the taste of the hops does 

 not predominate as in the India pale ale (man- 

 ufactured especially for the Indian market) 

 and Allsopp's. Scotch ales are also said to 

 be less liable to adulteration than the English. 

 American ales are very light, as compared 

 with many foreign products, but they contain 

 alcohol sufficient to intoxicate, even when 

 taken in small quantities, by those not accus- 

 tomed to alcoholic stimulants. Often, too, 

 ingredients are used which are injurious to 

 the system, in addition to the poison of the 

 alcohol. 



BATH. 



The skin of the human being is not merely 

 an outward covering for the body, but an 

 organ the proper performance of whose work 

 is of vital importance to good health. Its 

 seven million pores are not a useless part of 

 the animal economy, but form the sluices 

 through which the system throws off a por- 

 tion of its waste and deleterious matter ; this 

 matter is removed in the form of an impercep- 

 tible watery vapor, mixed with a few saline and 

 gaseous substances, and the quantity capable 

 of being gotten rid of in this way, in the space 

 of twenty-four hours, amounts in round num- 

 bers to twenty ounces. The retention of this, 

 by reason of the inability of the skin to per- 

 form its functions, is of course productive of 

 great in jury to the system, throwing more than 

 their due share of work on the other secretive 

 organs. The only method of keeping the skin 

 clear and in proper working order is bathing 

 with sufficient frequency. Bathing not only 

 removes the matter which the skin has already 

 discharged, but stimulates its activity, and in- 



