392 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



body is obtained, and then there are no sudden 

 demands on the heart and lungs. 



After the dumbbell comes exercise with the 

 round or bar bell. This is like the dumbbell, 

 with the exception that the bar connecting the 

 balls is four or five feet, instead of a few 

 inches, in length. Bar bells weigh from one to 

 two pounds each, and are found most useful in 

 building up the respiratory and digestive sys- 

 tems, their special province being the strength- 

 ening of the erector muscles and increasing the 

 flexibility of the chest. 



Of all fixed apparatus in use, the pulley 

 weight stands easily first in importance. 

 These weights are available for a greater vari- 

 ety of objects than any other gymnastic appli- 

 ance, and can be used either for general 

 exercise or for strengthening such muscles as 

 most require it. With them a greater local- 

 ization is possible than with the dumbbell, and 

 for this reason they are recommended as a 

 kind of supplement to the latter. As chest 

 developers and correctors of round shoulders, 

 they are most effective. As the name implies, 

 they are simply weights attached to ropes, 

 which pass over pulleys, and are provided with 

 handles. The common pulley is placed at 

 about the height of the shoulder of an aver- 

 age man, but recently those which can be 

 adjusted to any desired height have been very 

 generally introduced. 



When more special localization is desired 

 than can be obtained by means of the ordinary 

 apparatus, what is known as the. double-action 

 chest weight is used. This differs from the 

 ordinary kind in being provided with several 

 pulleys, so that the strain may come at differ- 

 ent angles. Double-action weights may be 

 divided into threeclasses high, low, andside 

 pulleys each with its particular use. 



The highest of all, known as the giant pul- 

 leys, are made especially for developing the 

 muscles of the back and chest, and by stretch- 

 ing or elongating movements to increase the 

 interior capacity of the chest. If the front of 

 the chest is full and the back or side chest 

 deficient, the pupil is set to work on the giant 

 pulley. To build up the side-walls, he stands 

 with the back to the pulley box and the left 

 heel resting against it ; the handle is grasped 

 in the right hand if the right side of the 

 chest is lacking in development, and then 

 drawn straight down by the side ; a step for- 

 ward with the right foot, as long as possible, 

 is taken, the line brought as far to the front 

 and near the floor as can be done, and then 

 the arm, held stiff, allowed to be drawn slowly 

 up by the weight. To exercise the left side 

 the same process is gone through with, the 

 handle grasped in the left hand. Another 



kind of giant pulley is that which allows the 

 operator to stand directly under it, and is used 

 for increasing the lateral diameter of the chest. 

 The handles are drawn straight down by the 

 sides, the arms are then spread and drawn 

 back by the weights. Generally speaking, 

 high pulleys are most used for correcting high, 

 round shoulders ; low pulleys for low, round 

 shoulders ; side pulleys for individual high or 

 low shoulders, and giant pulleys for the devel- 

 opment of the walls of the chest and to correct 

 spinal curvature. 



The traveling rings, a line of iron rings cov- 

 ered with rubber and attached to long ropes 

 fastened to the ceiling some ten feet ar^art, are 

 also valuable in developing the muscles of the 

 back, arms, and sides. The first ring is grasped 

 in one hand, and a spring taken from an ele- 

 vated platform. The momentum carries the 

 gymnast to the next ring, which is seized with 

 the free hand, and so the entire length of the 

 line is traversed. The parallel bars, low and 

 high, the flying rings, the horizontal bar, and 

 the trapeze all have their uses, but of late 

 years they have been relegated to a position of 

 distinct inferiority to that now occupied by the 

 dumbbells and pulley weights. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



Medicines, with doses for adults. For pa- 

 tients over 20 years of age, the full dose; from 

 14 to 20 years, f of full dose-; 7 to 14 years, 

 ^ dose ; 4 to 7 years, ^ dose ; 3 years, ^ dose ; 

 2 years, |- dose ; 1 year, y 1 ^ dose. 



MEDICINE. DOSE. 



Arsenic, Fowler's Solution of 2 to 10 drops 



Aconite, Extract of 1-6 to U grain 



Aconite, Tincture of 1 to 5 drops 



Aloes, Purified 1 to 5 grains 



Aloes, Pills of Ito 4 pills 



Aloes, Pills of Asafcetida and 1 to 4 pills 



Asafoetida, Mixture of % to 2 tahlespoonfuls 



Asafoatida, Tincture of... >' 2 to 2 teaspooufuls 



Asafoetida, Pill of " 1 to 4 pills 



Atropia, Sulphate of 2 J, to & of a grain 



Belladonna, Extract of 14 to 1 grain 



Belladonna, Fluid Extract of 1 to 5 drops 



Belladonna, Tincture of 5 to 30 drops 



Bismuth, Subnitrate of 10 to 30 grains 



Bromide of Ammonia "> to L'o grains 



Bromide of Potassium 5 to 20 grains 



Bromide of Sodium. . .' 5 to 20 grains 



Buchu, Fluid Extract of 10 to 60 drops 



Calibar Bean, Extract of V 2 to 1 gram 



Calomel J to 10 grains 



Camphor, Spirits of 5 to 15 drops 



Camphor Water 1 to 4 teaspoonf uls 



Capsicum, Tincture of 10 to 20 drops 



Castor Oil i/ 4 to 2 tablespoonfuls 



Chloral, Hydrate of 5 to 30 grains 



Cinchona, Sulphate of 5 to 30 grains 



Cinchona, Compound Tincture of 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls 



Cod Liver Oil V 2 to 1 tablespoonful 



Copper, Sulphate of : $ to *., grain 



Co-rosive Sublimate to & grain 



Cream of Tartar 5 to CO grains 



Croton Oil 1 to 2 drops 



Digitalis, Extract of.. % to 2 grains 



Digitalis, Tincture of 5 to 60 drops 



Dover's Powder 5 to 10 grains 



EpsomSalts % to 2 tablespoonfuls 



Ergot, Fluid Extract of % to 2 teaspoonfuls 



