DOMESTIC ECONOMY, HYGIENE, DIETETICS. 



393 



MEDICINE. DOSE. 



Gelsemium, Fluid Extract of 5 to 10 drops 



Gentian, Extract of 1 to 5 grains 



Hydrochloric Acid, dilute 1 to 5 drops 



Hyoscyamus, Fluid Extract of 5 to 20 drops 



Hyoscyamus, Tincture of l / 2 to 2 teaspoonfuls 



Iodine, Compound Tincture of 2 to 5 drops 



Iodide of Potassium 5 to 30 grains 



Ipecacuanha, Fluid Extract of 2 to 30 drops 



Ipecacuanha, Syrup of 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls 



Ipecacuanha, Troches of Morphine and. ..1 to 10 troches 



Iron, Reduced 1 to 2 prams 



Iron, Pyrophosphate of 2 to 5 grains 



Iron, Tincture of the Chloride of 5 to 30 drops 



Lactic Acid 15 to 30 drops 



Laudanum 15 to 40 drops 



Lead, Sugar of % to 5 grains 



May Apple, Resin of I to V 4 grain 



May Apple, Extract of 3 to 8 grains 



Muriatic Acid, dilute 5 to 10 drops 



Morphine Vs to % grains 



Magnesia, Sulphate of % to 2 tablespoonfuls 



Mustard, Ground ; 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls 



Nitre, Sweet Spirits of V 2 to 1 teaspoonful 



Nitro-Muriatic Acid, dilute 2 to 10 drops 



Nux Vomica, Tincture of 10 to 25 drops 



Opium, Extract of V 2 to 2 grains 



Opium, Tincture of 15 to 40 drops 



Opium, Camphorated Tincture of ...i/ 4 to 2 tablespoonfuls 



Paregoric V 4 to 2 tablespoonfuls 



Potassium, Bicarbonate of 5 to 20 grains 



Potassium, Bitartrate of 5 to 60 grains 



Potassium, Bromide of 5 to 20 grains 



Potassium, Chlorate of.; 5 to 20 grains 



Potassium, Iodide of 5 to 30 grains 



Potassium, Liquor of 2 to 20 drops 



Pepsin 5 to 10 grains 



Quassia, Tincture of 5 to CO drops 



Quinine 2 to 10 grains 



Salicin 5 to 20 grains 



Senna, Confection of 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls 



Senna, Fluid Extract of 1 tablespoonf ul 



Soda, Bicarbonate of 5 to 30 grains 



Soda, Salicylate of 10 to 30 grains 



Squill, Syrup of y 2 to 1 teaspoonful 



Strychnia, Sulphate of & to ^ of a grain 



Turpentine, Spirits or Oil of 5 to 10 drops 



Valerian, Tincture of y 2 to 2 teaspoonfuls 



Veratrum Viride, Tincture of 1 to 4 drops 



Zinc, Oxide of i/ 2 to 5 grains 



DISINFECTANTS AND HOW TO 

 USE THEM. 



^ The National Board of Health of the United 

 States of America, consisting of a number of 

 our leading physicians and chemical experts, of 

 which Professor C. F. Chandler of New York 

 was chairman, have issued the following in- 

 structions for disinfection, intended especially 

 for the guidance of physicians and nurses in 

 the yellow fever districts, but which are equally 

 applicable in other classes of contagious dis- 

 eases. In submitting this report the chairman 

 says : 



It has been the aim of the committee to pre- 

 pare concise directions for disinfection, so 

 simple and clear that they may be easily fol- 

 lowed by any person of intelligence. 



In the selection of disinfecting agents the 

 aim. has been : 1st, to secure agents which 

 can be relied upon to accomplish the work ; 

 2d, which can be procured in a state of com- 

 parative purity in every village in the United 

 States ; 3d, so cheap that they may be used in 

 Adequate quantities. 



It is extremely important that the people 



should be instructed with regard to disinfec- 

 tion. They must be taught that no reliance 

 can be placed upon disinfectants simply be- 

 cause they smell of chlorine or carbolic acid, 

 or possess the color of permanganate, and 

 that, in general, proprietary disinfectants with 

 high-sounding names are practically worthless, 

 as they either have no value whatever, or, if 

 value, cost many times as much as they are 

 worth, and cannot be used in sufficient 

 quantity. 



Explanations. Disinfection is the de- 

 struction of the poisons of infectious and con- 

 tagious diseases. 



Deodorizers, or substances which destroy 

 smells, are not necessarily disinfectants, and 

 disinfectants do not necessarily have odor. 



Disinfection cannot compensate for want of 

 cleanliness or ventilation. 



I. DISINFECTANTS TO BE EMPLOYED. 



1. Roll sulphur (brimstone) for fumiga- 

 tion. 



2. Sulphate of iron (copperas) dissolved in 

 water in the proportion of one and a half 

 pounds to the gallon ; for soil, sewers, etc. 



3. Sulphate of zinc and common salt, dis- 

 solved together in water in the proportion of 

 four ounces sulphate and two ounces salt to 

 the gallon ; for clothing, bed linen, etc. 



NOTE. Carbolic acid is not included in 

 the above list for the following reasons : It is 

 very difficult to determine the quality of the 

 commercial article, and the purchaser can 

 never be certain of securing it of proper 

 strength ; it is expensive, when of good qual- 

 ity, and experience has shown that it must be 

 employed in comparatively large quantities to 

 be of any use ; it is liable by its strong odor 

 to give a false sense of security. 



II. HOW TO USE DISINFECTANTS. 



1 . In the Sick Room. The most available 

 agents are fresh air and cleanliness. The 

 clothing, towels, bed linen, etc., should at 

 once, on removal from the patient, be placed 

 in a pail or tub of the zinc solution, boiling 

 hot if possible, before removal from the room. 



All discharges should either be received in 

 vessels containing copperas solution, or, when 

 this is impracticable, should be immediately 

 covered with copperas solution. All vessels 

 used about the patient should be cleansed with 

 the same solution. 



Unnecessary furniture especially that which 

 is stuffed carpets and hangings, when possi- 

 ble, should be removed from the room at the 

 outset ; otherwise, they should remain for 

 subsequent fumigation and treatment. 



2. Fumigation with sulphur is the only 

 practicable method for disinfecting the house. 



