502 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



Chiohela, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1437 ; 

 Magdalen, by William of Waynflete, Lord 

 Chancellor, 1456 ; Brasenose, by William 

 Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, 1509 ; Corpus 

 Christi, by Richard Fox, Bishop of Winches- 

 ter, 1516; Christ Church, by Henry VIII., 

 1546- '47 ; Trinity, by Sir Thomas Pope, 1554 ; 

 St. John's, by Sir Thomas White, 1555 ; 

 Jesus, by Queen Elizabeth, 1571 ; Wadham, 

 by Nicholas Wadham, 1613 ; Pembroke, by 

 James I., at the expense of Thomas Tisdale 

 and Richard Wrightwick, 1620 ; Worcester, 

 by Sir Thomas Cookes, 1714 ; Keble as a me- 

 morial to the Rev. John Keble, by public sub- 

 scription, in 1870. 



Adam and Eve. To the Scriptural 

 account of the creation and fall of Adam and 

 Eve, the later Jewish writers in the Talmud 

 have made many additions. According to 

 them, the stature of Adam, when first created; 

 reached to the heavens, while the splendor of 

 his countenance surpassed that of the sun. 

 The very angels stood in awe of him, and all 

 creatures hastened to worship him. Then 

 the Lord, in order to show the angels his 

 power, caused a sleep to fall upon Adam, and 

 removed a portion of every limb. He thus 

 lost his vast stature, but i-emained perfect and 

 complete. His first wife was Lilith, the mother 

 of demons ; but she fled from him, and after- 

 ward Eve was created for him. At the mar- 

 riage of Adam and Eve angels were pi-esent, 

 some playing on musical instruments, others 

 serving up delicious viands, while the sun, 

 moon, and stars danced together. The happi- 

 ness of the human pair excited envy among 

 the angels, and the seraph Sammael tempted 

 them, and succeeded in leading them to their 

 fall from innocence. According to the Koran, 

 all the angels paid homage to Adam excepting 

 Eblis, who, on account of his refusal, was ex- 

 pelled from Paradise. To gratify his revenge, 

 ^blis seduced Adam and Eve, and they were 

 ejparated. Adam was penitent, and lived in 

 -> tent on the site of the Temple of Mecca, 

 ^here he was instructed in the divine com- 

 mandments by the Archangel Gabriel. After 

 i wo hundred years of separation, he again 

 round Eve on Mount Arafat. 



Celebrated Paintings. It is generally 

 Agreed by art critics that Michael Angelo and 

 Raphael stand at the head of the line of mas- 

 ter painters. Conspicuous among the great 

 paintings of the former are "The Last Judg- 

 ment," " The Conversion of St. Paul," and 

 " The Crucifixion of St. Peter " ; and among 

 those of the latter, " The Dispute Concerning 

 the Sacrament," the " Madonna di Foligno," 

 and the " Madonna del Pisce. or Virgin of the 

 Fish." " The Last Judgment " is a large 



fresco-painting, sixty feet high by thirty feet 

 wide, occupying the wall opposite the entrance 

 of the Sistine Chapel, in the Vatican Palace at 

 Rome. Over three hundred figures are repre- 

 sented in "the most violent attitudes and most 

 admired disorder." " The Conversion of St. 

 Paul " is another large fresco-painting in the 

 Vatican. " The Crucifixion of Peter," also 

 in the Vatican, is one of the last from the 

 hands of Angelo. " The Dispute Concerning 

 the Sacrament" is a fresco, representing, 

 above, a convocation of the saints around the 

 Almighty, the Saviour, and the Virgin, envel- 

 oped in heavenly glory, while beneath the 

 ceremony of the Consecration of the Sacra- 

 ment is depicted. This is found in the Camera 

 della Segnatura of the Vatican. " The Ma- 

 donna di Foligno," in the Vatican gallery, 

 derives its name from the city of Foligno, 

 which is represented in the background. The 

 "Madonna del Pisce," now in the gallery at 

 Madrid, Spain, represents the Virgin and 

 Child enthroned, with St. Jerome on one side, 

 and on the other an archangel with the young 

 Tobit, who carries a fish, from which circum- 

 stance the name is derived. "The Madonna 

 di San Sisto " is considered by many critics the 

 best of Raphael's works. It is located in the 

 gallery of Dresden, Germany, and represents the 

 Madonna standing upon the clouds surrounded 

 with glory, holding in her arms the eternal 

 son. Saint Sixtus and Saint Barbara kneel at 

 the sides. It was originally painted on wood, 

 but has been transferred to canvas. The paint- 

 ing of "The Last Supper," by Leonardo da 

 Vinci, is recognized as one of the master- 

 pieces. It was originally painted, by order of 

 the Duke of Milan, on the walls of the refec- 

 tory in the Dominican convent of the Madonna 

 della Grazie. Rubens' paintings of the " De- 

 scent from the Cross " and " Elevation of the 

 Cross," at Antwerp, rank high as master- 

 pieces. The "Adoration of the Trinity," by 

 Albert Durer, at Vienna, and his two pictures 

 containing life-size figures of Peter and John, 

 Mark and Paul, presented to the Council of 

 Nuremberg, Germany, are also very famous. 

 The two pictures of Mary Magdalen are also 

 among the most famous in the world "La 

 Bussendi Magdalina, " by Corregio, now in the 

 Dresden Gallery, and one by Guido Reni. 



Venus, Statues of. The Roman god- 

 dess of love and beauty, subsequently identi- 

 fied with the Greek Aphrodite, was a favorite 

 subject of ancient sculptors. The most fa- 

 mous specimen still existing is the Venus de 

 Medici, executed by Cleomenes, the Athenian, 

 about 200 B. C., and generally admitted to be 

 the finest relic of ancient art. It was dug up 

 in several pieces, either at the villa of Hadrian, 



