524 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



Compulsory Education In Foreign Countries. 



COUNTRY. 



Austria. 



Bavaria . 



Belgium. 

 France . . 



England., 



Scotland. 

 Holland . 

 Hungary , 



Italy.... 

 Norway. 

 Prussia. 



Saxony . 



Sweden. 

 Berne.. . 



Geneva 



Neufchatel. 



Tessin (Switzerland).. 



Vaud (Switzerland)... 

 Orisons (Switzerland). 

 Zurich 



Wurtemberg 



British Columbia 



Cape Colony.- 



New Zealand 



Nova Scotia. 

 Ontario 



Prince Edward Island 



Quebec 



Queensland 



South Australia. 

 Tasmania 



AGES. 



6-14 



a 6-14 

 '(M3' 



5-13 

 5-13 



6-9 



6-14 



d7-15 



7-14 

 6-15 



6-15 

 7-16 



6-14 



7-1C 

 7-15 

 6-16 



C-14 

 7-12 



7-13 



7-12 

 7-13 



8-13 



6-12 



7-13 

 7-13 



ATTENDANCE REQUIRED. 



Until scholar has acquired 

 prescribed subjects, relig- 

 ion and reading, writing 

 and arithmetic. 



.-..Do 



No compulsory law 



For 4 absences of half a day 



in a month the parent is 



summoned before local 



school committee. 

 Full school term unless by 



special arrangement. 



....Do 



No compulsory law 



8 months, country ; 10 months, 



town. 

 No Tixed rule 



12 weeks per annum 



8 years, or until elementary 



education is completed. 

 Same as Austria 



34% weeks 



Five sixths of possible attend- 

 ances. 



4 days a week, 6 hours a day . . 



After 13 years of age, 10 hours 

 a week. 



28 hours a week for 6 to 9 

 months. 



33 hours a week 



Every day; penalties for i6 



absences. 

 Every school day 



No compulsory law 



One half the period during 

 which the scnool is open. 



80 days a year 



100 days a year 



13 weeks a year 



No compulsory law 



60 days in each half year, but 



law not vet enforced. 

 35 school days per quarter. . . . 

 3 davs a week 



PENALTY. 



Fine, $3.50 (maximum), or imprisonment up 

 to 2 days. 



Fine, $11 (maximum), or 8 days' imprison- 

 ment. 



First and second offenses, warning; sub- 

 sequent fine, $3 (maximum) and im- 

 prisonment 5 days. 



Determined by local by-laws. 

 Fine, $5, or imprisonment 14 days. 

 Fine, from 35 cents to $1.50. 



Each offense, 10 cents to $2. 



Fines. 



Each offense, 70 cents (maximum), or im- 



prisonment up to three days. 

 Fine, $1.50 to $7.00, or imprisonment from 



1 day to 6 weeks. 



Fines and imprisonment. 



Do. 



Fine, 38 cents (minimum), or imprisonment 



30 clays (maximum). 

 Each offense 2 to 3 cents, and 4 hours' im- 



prisonment. 



Fines or imprisonment. 



Warnings; subsequently fines, 60 cents to 



$3. 



Fine or imprisonment. 

 Do. 



Fine, $10 (maximum). 



Fine, $2. 



$1 per month for each of the children not 



attending a school. 

 Fine. 



Fine, $5 to $25, or imprisonment 7 to 30 



days. 

 Fine, $1.25 to $5. 



a 13 to 16 in secular Sunday Schools. 



6 12 to 15 continuation. 



c From 8 until confirmation ; in town from 7 until confirmation. 



d Special dispensation after 7 years' attendance and 1 year's prolongation for ignorance. 



Halacha is the term for the Jewish oral 

 law, and is supposed to be, like the written 

 law contained in the Bible, of divine origin. 

 Tt embraces the whole field of juridico-political, 

 religious, and practical life down to its most 

 minute and insignificant details. It began to 

 be written down when the sufferings to which 

 the Jews were almost uninterruptedly sub- 

 jected from the first exile downward had 

 made many portions of it already very uncer- 

 tain and fluctuating, and threatened finally to 

 obliterate it altogether from memory. The 

 first collection of laws was instituted by Hillel, 

 Akiba, and Gamaliel ; but the final reduction 

 of the general code, Mishna, is due to Jehudah 

 Hanassi, A. D. 220. The Halacha was fur- 

 ther developed in subsequent centuries by the 

 Saboraim, Geonim, and the authorities of each 

 generation. 



Oneida Community is a society of Per- 

 fectionists, or Bible Communists, founded by 

 John Humphrey Noyes, who was bom at 

 Brattleborough, Vt., in 1811. He was origi- 

 nally a lawyer, then studied theology at Andover 

 and Yale, and became a Congregational min- 

 ister, but soon lost his license to preach on 

 account of the views which he adopted. The 

 Community is situated on Oneida Creek, in 

 Lenox township, Madison County, N. Y., 

 where it owns a fine estate, several mills and 

 manufactories, and is said to be in a prosperous 

 condition. The cardinal principles of the 

 Community are four in number : reconciliation 

 to God, salvation from sin, recognition of the 

 brotherhood and equality of man and woman, 

 and the community of labor and its fruits. 

 The last named principle embraces a scheme by 

 which all the male and all the female members 



