RELIGION, EDUCATION, FINE ARTS. 



561 



graduate colleges were the only ones actually 

 included in the original organization. The 

 professional colleges in San Francisco have 

 been added from time to time. The Lick Ob- 

 servatory was formally transferred to the Uni- 

 versify in June, 1888. The Mark Hopkins 

 Institute of Art, in 1893. The University com- 

 prises the following departments : College of 

 Letters, College of Social Sciences, College of 

 Natural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Col- 

 lege of Mechanics, College of Mining, College 

 of Civil Engineering, College of Chemistry, 

 Lick Astronomical Department, Mark Hop- 

 kins Institute of Art, Hastings College of Law, 

 Medical Department, Post Graduate Medical 

 Department, College of Dentistry, and Cali- 

 fornia College of Pharmacy. The curricula 

 of the various departments lead to degrees of 

 B. A., B.L., B.S., M.A., C.E., D.D.S., D.V.S., 

 LL.B., M.S., M.E., M.D., Ph.G., Ph.B., and 

 Ph .D. The president is Benjamin Ide Wheeler, 

 Ph.D., LL.D. 



University of Chicago. The first Uni- 

 versity of Chicago was founded in 1857, by tJie 

 Baptist Society of Chicago, and was presided 

 over for many years by the Rev. Dr. Bur- 

 roughs. In 1886 its doors were closed, owing 

 to lack of funds. Its successor, the present 

 University of Chicago, was founded by John 

 1). Rockefeller, who subscribed $600,000 of its 

 original endowment fund of one million dol- 

 lars, to which he afterward added three and a 

 half million dollars in bonds. The original 

 site, valued at $125,000, was given by Mar- 

 shall Field, who also gave $100,000 in money. 

 More than one million dollars for new schools 

 and buildings have since been donated or be- 

 queathed to the University. A president for 

 the University, William R. Harper, Ph.D., 

 LL.D., was elected in the spring of 1891. 

 Work on the new buildings began in the au- 

 tumn of the same year. On October 1, 1892, 

 the new school opened its doors to some six 

 hundred students. Cobb Lecture Hall and 

 two dormitories for graduates were the only 

 buildings then ready for use. Since that time 

 fifteen of the projected forty-two buildings 

 have been erected, while the number of stu- 

 dents has risen to over two thousand. The 

 University includes five divisions : the uni- 

 versity proper ; the university extension ; the 

 university libraries, laboratories, and museums ; 

 the university press ; the university affiliations. 

 The university proper includes : the Gradu- 

 ate School of Arts and Literature, the Ogden 

 School of Science, the Divinity School, the 

 School of Law, School of Medicine, the School 

 of Technology, the School of Fine Arts, and 

 the School of Music ; the colleges of arts, lit- 

 erature, and science. 



Iceland Stanford, Jr., University was 



founded in 1884, by Leland Stanford and Jane 

 Lathrop Stanford, who determined to found a 

 university for both sexes, and with all colleges, 

 schools, seminaries, institutes, museums, and 

 collections appropriate there to. In the follow- 

 ing year the Legislature of California passed 

 an authorizing act, and in 1885 the grant was 

 made. The corner stone was laid in 1887, at 

 Palo Alto, some three miles from the sea, near 

 the Monte Diable Mountain, thirty-three miles 

 from San Francisco. David Starr Jordan, the 

 present president, was installed in 1891. The 

 suit for fifteen million dollars or the original 

 endowment, between the University and the 

 federal Government, was decided in the Uni- 

 versity's favor, in 1895. An additional en- 

 dowment was made by deed of Jane Lathrop 

 Stanford, amounting to more than ten million 

 dollars, in 1899. In the same year the num- 

 ber of women to be admitted to the University 

 in any one year was restricted to five hundred. 

 The University is governed by twenty-four trus- 

 tees chosen for life. The various courses of 

 instruction lead to the degrees : B. A., B.S., 

 and C.E., while the degrees M.A., M.E., and 

 Ph.D. are conferred after resident post gradu- 

 ate work. No honorary degrees are conferred. 

 University of Virginia was the first 

 State University established in this country. 

 Thomas Jefferson, after great opposition from 

 all other Virginia colleges, founded the Uni- 

 versity in 1819. It was then united with Cen- 

 tral College, and, after full acceptance of Jeffer- 

 son's original plans, opened its doors to students 

 in 1825. The University buildings were fin- 

 ished by Italian sculptors, whom Jefferson had 

 imported. Dr. Thomas Cooper, the first pro- 

 fessor of the new university, by reason of his 

 heterodox views, was forced to resign immedi- 

 ately after his election, to Jefferson's great 

 chagrin. The founder thereupon turned to 

 Europe for new material, calling no less than 

 four professors from England. In 1824 the 

 new school was visited by George Ticknor of 

 Harvard College, who is believed to have there 

 assimilated the reforms in regard to discipline 

 and elective study, which were afterward intro- 

 duced by him at Harvard. Two years later, 

 Thomas Jefferson died, after having had sole 

 charge of the University for one year as its first 

 rector. He was buried on the roadside of the 

 highway leading from his house to the Univer- 

 sity, and his grave is marked by a monument, 

 erected by Congress, bearing the inscription : 

 " Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, author 

 of the declaration of American independence, 

 of the statute of Virginia for religious free- 

 dom, and father of the University of Virginia. 

 Born April 2, 1743, o. . Died July 4, 1826." 



