RELIGION, EDUCATION, FINE ARTS. 



575 



Dentils. Ornaments in the form of small cubes or 

 teeth. 



Diaper. A mode of decoration by a repeated pattern. 



Doloroso. In a melancholy, sad style. 



Doric. The oldest and simplest of the Greek orders 

 of architecture. 



Dormer. A gable window in the sloping side of a 

 roof. 



Dry-Point. Direct engraving upon copper with the 

 etching needle. 



Echinus. The ovolo molding of a capital. 



Elevation. The vertical plan of a building. 



Entablature. The horizontal superstructure which 

 lies upon the columns in classic architecture. 

 . Entasis. The swelling of the shaft of a column. 



Epinaos. The portico situated at the back of a tem- 

 ple. 



Espressivo, or Con Egpressione. "With expression. 



Etching. Engraving by the action of acid on a cop- 

 perplate covered with a wax ground on which lines have 

 been scratched by the etching needle. 



Facade. The face or front of a building. 



Fan Tracery. Elaborate carved work spread over an 

 arched surface. 



Fine. The end. 



Fillet. A plain band used in architecture to separate 

 ornaments and moldings. 



I inial. An ornament of carved work representing 

 foliage on a pinnacle or spire. 



Flamboyant. The style of French architecture pe- 

 culiar to the fifteenth century, contemporary with per- 

 pendicular in England. 



Flutes. Small semicircular grooves or channels cut 

 in the shafts of columns or pilasters. 



Forte, or For. Strong, loud. 



Fresco. Painting executed on a freshly laid ground 

 of stucco. 



Fret. An angular, interlaced architectural orna- 

 ment. 



Frieze. (1) The middle division of an entablature 

 which lies between the architrave and cornice. (2) Any 

 horizontal sculptured band. 



Furioso. With great animation. 



Gable. The triangular end of a house from the eaves 

 to the top. 



Genre. Scenes from domestic life. 



Giusto. In perfect time. 



Grave. The slowest time or movement. 



Grisaille. A style of painting in gray by which solid 

 bodies are represented as if in relief. 



Groin. The angular curve formed at the intersec- 

 tions of a vaulted roof. 



Gusto, Con Gusto. With style ; taste. 



Gymnasium. A large building used by the Greeks 

 in which gymnastics were taught and practiced. 



Helix. A small volute like the tendril of a vine 

 placed under the Corinthian abacus. 

 Hypostyle. A roof supported by columns. 



II. The. 



Impetuoso. Impetuously. 



Impasto. The thickness of the body of pigment laid 

 on to a painting. 



In. In ; as in tempo. 



In) ratio, or Introduzione. An introduction to a 

 piece of music. 



Intaglio. A stone in which the design is sunk be- 

 neath the surface, and gives impression of a bas relief. 



Ionic. The second order in Greek architecture. Dis- 

 tinguished by the voluted ornaments of its capital. 



Jamb. The side of any opening in a wall. 



Keystone. The top stone of an arch. 



Klaft. A royal Egyptian headdress forming a kind 

 of hood and terminating in two flaps, which form over 

 the breast. 



Largo. A slow and solemn degree of time. 



l.ancH . A pointed arch, obtuse at the point, resem- 

 bling a surgeon's lancet. 



Lantern. A small turret above the roof of a building 

 having windows all round it. 



Legato. In a smooth, even manner. 



Leggiando. Lightly. 



Lintel. The stone or beam placed across the top of a 

 door or window. 



Loggia. The gallery or corridor of a palace. 

 Lotus. A water lily. In Egypt and India held sa- 

 cred. 



Marcato. In a marked manner. 



Mansard. A roof with two sets of rafters of which 

 the upper part is less steep than the lower. Named af- 

 tera French architect. 



Marquetry. Inlaid work of ornamental woods and 

 stones of various colors. 



Mausoleum. (1) The tomb of Mausolus, king of 

 Caria. (2) Any tomb of imposing size and magnificence. 



Meme. The same. 



Mezzo. In a medium degree ; as mezzo forte. 



Medallion. A circular or oval tablet on the face of a 

 building. 



Metope. A kind of panel between the triglyphs in 

 the Doric frieze. 



Mezzo Relievo. Sculpture in relief in which half of 

 the figure projects. 



Mezzo Tinto. A method of engraving by smoothing 

 away the lights from a ground mechanically roughened. 



Moderato. Moderately. 



Molto. Very ; as molto forte. 



Movimento. Movement; time. 



Monolith. An object formed of a single block of 

 stone. 



Mosaic. An imitation of painting by joining together 

 minute pieces of hard substances of different colors. 



Mullion. The slender pieces which separate a win- 

 dow into compartments. 



Mutule. An architectural ornament of the Doric 

 order, consisting of a square block placed at equal in 

 tervals in a Doric cornice. 



Naos. The interior apartment of a Greek temple. 



Nave. The middle part or body of a church from the 

 choir to principal entrance between the aisles. 



Nimbus. A halo or circular disk around the head of 

 sacred personages. After the eighth century, living 

 persons were in Italy distinguished by a square nimbus, 

 which sometimes assumes the form" of a scroll partly 

 unrolled. The heads of statues of gods and of Roman 

 emperors were decorated with a crown of rays. The 

 same is found in the Oriental representation of Buddha. 



Obbligato. An essential portion of a composition. 



Ogee. An arch described with four centers so as to 

 be concave in lower and convex in upper part. 



Ogive. A pointed arch. 



Order, An, in architecture consists of two parts : the 

 one, vertical, consisting of a column and its base and 

 capital; the other, a horizontal entablature, consisting 

 of architrave, frieze, and cornice. The word is only used 

 when the order is one of the five whose dimensions and 

 details were fixed and defined by Palladio and other ar- 

 chitects of the sixteenth century ; these are the Doric, 

 Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan (supposed to be a simpler form 

 of Doric), and Composite (a Roman modification of Cor- 

 inthian). 



Oriel. A projecting angular window, generally tri- 

 angular or pentagonal in shape. 



Ottava, or 8va. An octave. 



Ovolo. A convex molding much used in classical 

 architecture. 



Pagoda. A religious building of the Hindoos. 



Palaestra. A place for wrestling, formerly part of 

 the gymnasium. 



Pedale, or Ped. Signifies that performer must press 

 down pedal. 



Pen. A little. 



Pediment. A triangular crowning of a portico usu- 

 ally supported by a row of columns. 



Pendentive. The part of a vault between two arches 

 supporting a dome. 



Peripteral. A name given to a temple which had a 

 portico of six columns on each front and a detached 

 colonnade of 11 on each side of the cella. 



Peristyle. A building, the interior of which is sur- 

 rounded with columns. 



Perspective. The art of representing on a flat sur- 

 face the appearance of objects from one given point of 

 view. 



Piano, or P. Soft. 



Pianissimo, or PP. Very soft. 



Pier. Perpendicular supports from which arches 

 spring. 



Pilaster. Square pillar on a wall partly imbedded in 

 it, less than one fourth of its thickness projecting. 



