MISCELLANEOUS FACTS AND FIGURES. 



607 



The above estimate was made by Ernest 

 George Ravenstein, F.R.G.S., the geographer 

 and statistician, and is for 1890. 



An estimate of population of the earth, 

 made by Drs. Wagner and Supan, editors 

 of Bevolkerung der Erde (Perthes, Gotha, 

 1891), is as follows: Europe, 357,379,000; 

 Asia, 825,954,000; Africa, 163,953,000; 

 America, 121,713,000; Australia, 3,230,000; 

 Oceanic Islands, 7,420,000 ; polar regions, 

 80,400. Total, 1,479,729,400. The estimate 

 of area of the continents and islands by the 

 same authorities is 52,821,684. 



Ravenstein's estimate of the earth's fertile 

 region, in square miles, is 28,269,200 ; steppe, 

 13,901,000; desert, 4,180,000 ; polar regions, 

 4,888,800. 



The population of the earth at the death of 

 the Emperor Augustus, estimated by Bodio, 

 was 54,000,000. The population of Europe 

 hardly exceeded 50,000,000 before the fifteenth 

 century. 



The area and cubic contents of the earth, 

 according to the data of Clark, given above, 

 are: Surface, 196,971,984 square miles; 

 cubic contents, 259,944,035,515 cubic miles. 



Murray (Challenger expedition) states the 

 greatest depth of the Atlantic Ocean at 27,- 

 366 feet ; Pacific Ocean, 30,000 feet ; Indian 

 Ocean, 18,582 feet; Southern Ocean, 25,200 

 feet ; Arctic Ocean, 9,000 feet. The Atlantic 

 Ocean has an area, in square miles, of 24,- 

 536,000 ; Pacific Ocean, 50,309,000 ; Indian 

 Ocean, 17,084,000; Arctic Ocean, 4,781,000; 

 Southern Ocean, 30,592,000. The highest 

 mountain is believed to be Deodhunga, one of 

 the Himalayas, 29,002 feet. Lord Kelvin 

 estimates the age of the solid earth to be be- 

 tween 20,000,000 and 30,000,000 years, and of 

 the human race the same. 



POPULATION OF THE EARTH ACCORDING TO 



RACE. 



(Estimated by John Bartholomew, F. R. G. S., Edin- 

 burgh). 



The human family is subject to forty-five 

 principal governments. As to their form, they 

 toay be classified as follows : Absolute mon- 



archies, China, Korea, Morocco, Persia, Russia, 

 Siam, Turkey ; limited monarchies, Austria- 

 Hungary, Belgium, British Empire, Denmark, 

 Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, 

 Portugal, Roumania, Servia, Sweden and 

 Norway, Spain ; republics, Argentine Repub- 

 lic, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa 

 Rica, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Hayti, 

 Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Orange Free 

 State, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, San Do- 

 mingo, Switzerland, Transvaal, United States 

 of America, Uruguay, Venezuela. Besides 

 these, are the undefined despotisms of Central 

 and South Africa, and a few insignificant in- 

 dependent States. 



The average duration of human life is about 

 33 years. One quarter of the people on the 

 earth die before age 6, one half before age 16, 

 and only about 1 person of each 100 born, lives 

 to age 65. The deaths are calculated at 67 

 per minute, 97,790 per day, and 35,639,835 

 per year ; the births, at 70 per minute, 100,800 

 per day, and 36.792,000 per year. 



Statistics of the Press, Ro well's 

 American Newspaper Directory for 1901 re- 

 ports the number of newspapers published in 

 the United States and Canada as 21,827. 

 Of these, 938 were Canadian publications. 

 The following was the frequency of issue : 

 Weekly, 15,475; monthly, 2,902; daily, 

 2,271 ; semi-monthly, 285 ; semi-weekly, 

 511 ; qu'arterly, 176 ; bi-weekly, 71 ; bi- 

 monthly, 69; tri-weekly, 55; total, 21,827. 



The following table exhibits the number of 

 papers printed in the several states and Can- 

 ada in 1901 : 



Alabama 239 



Alaska 8 



Arizona 50 



Arkansas 270 



California 681 



Canada 938 



Colorado 329 



Connecticut 190 



Delaware 41 



District of Columbia . 84 



Florida 159 



Georgia 359 



Hawaii 23 



Idaho 72 



Illinois 1,726 



Indian Territory 94 



Indiana 862 



Iowa 1,082 



Kansas 707 



Kentucky 320 



Louisiana 193 



Maine 155 



Maryland | 208 



Massachusetts 619 



Michigan . . . : 811 



Minnesota 683 



Montana 95 



Nebraska 608 



Nevada 30 



New Hampshire 98 



New Jersey 374 



New Mexico 53 



New York 1,936 



North Carolina 253 



North Dakota 158 



Ohio 1,218 



Oklahoma 152 



Oregon 193 



Pennsylvania 1,393 



Philippine Islands 4 



Porto Rico 8 



Rhode Island 58 



South Carolina 131 



South Dakota 273 



Tennessee 288 



Texas 815 



Utah 73 



Vermont 77 



Virginia 244 



Washington 226 



West Virginia 191 



Wisconsin 657 



Wyoming ._ 39 



Total 21^827 



Mississippi 224 



Missouri 1,045 



The total number of newspapers published 

 in the world at present is estimated at about 

 50,000. distributed as follows : United States 

 and Canada, 21,827 ; Germany, 7,000 ; Great 

 Britain, 9,500 ; France, 4,500 ; Japan, 2,000. 



