616 



THE CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS. 



was also claimed that middle men exacted ex- 

 orbitant prices for agricultural implements, 

 etc. Mr. Kelley concluded that an association 

 made up of those who were dissatisfied might 

 be organized on some such plan as the Order 

 of Odd Fellows or Masons. He and Mr. Saun- 

 ders devised a plan for an organization to be 

 known as the "Patrons of Husbandry," and 

 its branches to be called "Granges," and on 

 December 4, 1867, the National Grange was 

 organized at Washington. In the spring of 

 1868 granges were founded at Harrisburg, Pa. ; 

 at Fredonia, N. Y. ; at Columbus, Ohio ; at 

 Chicago, 111., and six in Minnesota. The 

 movement became very popular, and they were, 

 in a few years, organized in nearly every state 

 and territory in the Union. The order has its 

 greatest strength, however, in the Northwest- 

 ern and Western States. 



Facts Worth Knowing'. Proper ages 

 of reproduction 1, length of power of repro- 

 duction 2, and periods of gestation 3, in 

 domestic animals : 



The Longest Rivers in the World. 



NAME. MILES. 



AFRICA. 



Nile 3,895 



Niger 2,990 



Congo .2,700 



Zambezi 2,300 



Orange 1,152 



AMERICA (NORTH). 

 Mississippi and Mis- 

 souri 4,194 



St. Lawrence 2,120 



Mackenzie 2,120 



Saskatchewan 1,918 



Rio Grande 1,800 



Arkansas 1 ,514 



Columbia 1,383 



Ohio and Allegheny... 1.265 



Red River 1,200 



Colorado 1.000 



AMERICA (SOUTH). 



Amazon . .3,596 



Rio Madeira ... 2,300 



Parana 2,211 



Rio de la Plata ...... .1,800 



NAME. MILES. 



AMERICA (So.) Cont. 



San Francisco 1,613 



Rio Negro 1,650 



Orinoco 1,500 



ASIA. 



Yenisei 3,688 



HoangHo^ 2,812 



Lena 2,766 



Obi 2,674 



Amur 2,673 



Euphrates 2,005 



Ganges 1,844 



Indus .1,613 



AUSTRALASIA. 



Murray 3,000 



EUROPE. 



Volga. 2,361 



Danube 1,992 



Ural 1,099 



Don 1,088 



Dnieper.. 1,020 



Rhine 876 



Field of the Cloth of Gold was so 



called from the extravagance and display at- 

 tendant upon a meeting of Henry VIII. of 



England and Francis I. of France, in June, 

 1530. The kings met in the field near the 

 small town of Ardres, in France, which was 

 owned by England, and the meeting was held 

 by the request of Francis I., who desired to 

 gain the friendship of Henry to aid him in his 

 projects for curbing the power of his great 

 rival, Charles V., of Germany. The cere- 

 monial was tinder the direction of Cardinal 

 Wolsey, and the nobility of France and Eng- 

 land vied with each other in the gorgeous deco- 

 ration of themselves, their banners and tents, 

 and their retinues of followers. 



Historic Minor Political Parties. 

 The minor American parties which have ap- 

 peared and disappeared during the 19th century 

 of our national life are the following: Anti- 

 Renters, a New York party which flourished 

 about 1841. They resisted the collection of 

 back rents on the Van Rensselaer manor near 

 Albany. They had strength enough to defeat 

 Wright, the regular Democratic candidate for 

 governor of New York. Barn-burners, New 

 York, 1846, seceders from the Democratic 

 party. They were opposed to slavery exten- 

 sion. Bucktails, New York, about 1815; they 

 supported Madison. Conservatives, New York 

 and some other states, 1837 ; paper money 

 Democrats. Doughfaces, 1820, Northern mem- 

 bers of Congress, who voted in favor of the Mis- 

 souri compromise. Hunkers, New York, a fac- 

 tion of the Democrats favoring the South, the 

 Barn-burners being the other factor. Know- 

 Nothings, New York, 1854, opposed to natural- 

 ization of foreigners unless they had been 

 twenty-one years in the country. Loco-Focos, 

 New York, 1835 ; a branch of the Democratic 

 party. Liberal Republicans, 1872 ; Republicans 

 who joined with the Democrats in support of 

 Greeley for president. Temperance, or Pro- 

 hibition, from 1830 down, in many states ; in 

 favor of preventing or restricting the sale of 

 liquors. Woman's Rights, from 1860 down ; 

 those who favored granting to women the right 

 of suffrage. 



Tax on Commercial Travelers. The 

 following is a list of places and amount of tax- 

 ation on commercial travelers : Alabama, 

 $15.50 per year; Arizona, $200 per year; 

 Beaufort, S. C., $10 per visit; Bennettsville, 

 S. C., $1 per visit ; Batesburg, S. C., 75 cents 

 per day ; Charleston, S. C., $10 per month -, 

 Cumberland, Md., $1 j>er day; Delaware. v -'-~> 

 per year ; Deadwood, S. D., $5 per week ; Dar- 

 lington, S. C., $1 ; East St. Louis, 82 p'-r 

 day ; Elkton, Md., per cent, on stock carried ; 

 Florida, $25 per year ; Hartwell, Ga., $5 per 

 trip ; Johnston, S. C., 50 cents per day ; Lewis- 

 town, Idaho-, $5 per trip; Montana, $100 per 

 year for each county; Memphis, Tenn., $10 



